ESDU Automotive Collection
Solving Complex Automotive Engineering Problems
The ESDU Automotive Collection contains a group of independently validated design methods, best practices, data and software tools for
solving complex Automotive Engineering problems and enabling faster and more reliable decision making during vehicle product design.
The ESDU Automotive Collection is structured to complement your internal design practices, addresses gaps in information and provides
access to best in class industry expertise.
Meeting New Efficiency Standards
As automotive OEMs strive to meet the higher fuel efficiency standards, extensive research and development efforts will be required
during new automotive product design programmes. The proven ESDU design methods are widely used in aircraft and aerospace design and
many of the tools and data can be used equally powerfully to speed up the design process while assuring the reliability and integrity
of the new vehicle designs. Reducing the weight of body, frame and engine components should translate to fuel economy improvements. It
seems inevitable that lightweight materials with better strength and stiffness to weight ratios, such as composites, aluminum, titanium
and magnesium alloys, will be more widely adopted in automotive designs, but often the knowledge, tools and data required to design
with these different materials are not readily available. Data Items within ESDU such as those in the section on Design for Minimum Weight (Section 3)
and the ESDU validated Metallic Material Data Handbook (MMDH) provide the design methods and resources required for designing vehicles with light-weight materials.
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Applications
Optimizing the flow of fuel and air into the engine, turbocharging, supercharging and increasing engine speeds can be potential methods to improve fuel efficiency. As maximum engine speed or torque increases and component sections decrease, fatigue from rotational and vibrational stresses becomes an increasing concern during design. ESDU's Fatigue - Endurance Data and Fracture Mechanics Series will provide automotive design engineers with a solid foundation of validated design methods and data to handle these problems.![](/images/templates/auto2.jpg)
Reliability
The information available in the ESDU Automotive Collection complements the highly conservative design and operating standards and codes used in the automotive industry. The ESDU validated methodologies provide a reliable source of engineering knowledge for design within the targets set by the International standards and codes. These methodologies are based on experimental data, analytical methods and computational techniques, such as CFD and FEA, and represent the industry best practices and validated design methods.The ESDU Automotive Collection includes documents from:
- Composites
- Fatigue - Endurance Data
- Fatigue - Fracture Mechanics
- Stress and Strength
- Structures
- Vibration and Acoustic Fatigue
Also included are these materials databases:
MMDH - Metallic Materials Data Handbook
- Validated metallic materials properties database.
- Design engineers can spend a great deal of time rigorously developing models, analyzing structures and simulating product performance and good reliable design data is critical to the design process. The design engineer faces an ever-increasing demand for products with a performance that must be substantiated under stringent conditions of cost and environment. If invalid material property data are utilized, then valuable engineering time will be wasted. If the error is detected early during development or testing, then the design and structures will have to be reanalyzed with validated data and new prototypes built and tested. In the worst case, field failures could result in costly corrective actions such as scrapping of raw materials, alternative materials selection, new supplier identification and approval, product redesign or retooling of production lines.
- The output or results of structural design or finite element method (FEM) models are only as good as the design input data, which include physical or material properties. After the design is verified with prototyping and testing or virtual simulations, the design can be optimized by assessing alternative part geometries or new material selections from the MMDH materials database in the validated model and/or through additional prototyping and testing.
MMPDS
- Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization Handbook.
- The primary purpose of this Handbook is to provide a source of statistically based design values for commonly used metallic materials and joints. Additionally, other mechanical and physical properties needed for the design of structures are included. The material properties and joint data used to derive values published in this Handbook were obtained from tests conducted by material and fastener producers, government agencies, and members of the airframe industry. The data submitted to MMPDS are reviewed and analyzed per the methods detailed in this Handbook. Results of these analyses are submitted to the membership during coordination meetings and if determined to meet the documented standards set they are published in this Handbook.
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This Collection contains:
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Section 1 : Bolted Joints, Lugs and Screw Threads
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ESDU 79031
Endurance of riveted lap joints (aluminium alloy sheet and rivets). -
ESDU 84039
Strength of angles and club-foot fittings (transmitting tensile loads). -
ESDU 85021
Analysis of pretensioned bolted joints subject to tensile (separating) forces. -
ESDU 14001
Applying, measuring and maintaining pretension in steel bolts -
ESDU 14002
Lock nuts and other thread locking devices -
ESDU 89046
Fatigue of aluminium alloy joints with various fastener systems. Low load transfer. -
ESDU 90009
Fatigue of aluminium alloy joints with various fastener systems. Medium load transfer. -
ESDU 90018
Fatigue of aluminium alloy joints with various fastener systems. High load transfer. -
ESDU 96014
Fatigue of bolted steel lap joints and doublers. -
ESDU FAT E.05.01
Endurance of structural joints. (Aluminium alloy material - tensile loading.) -
ESDU 91008
Strength of lugs under axial load -
ESDU 06021
Strength of lugs under transverse load. -
ESDU 08007
Strength of lugs under oblique load -
ESDU 66011
Loaded pins in axially loaded bars. Maximum elastic stress at hole boundary. -
ESDU 71011
Stresses due to interference-fit pins and bushes in plates, strips or lugs. -
ESDU 77017
Endurance of titanium alloy lugs (Ti-6Al-4V, annealed and Ti-4Al-4Mo-2Sn-0.5Si). -
ESDU 80007
Endurance of aluminium alloy lugs with nominally push-fit pins (tensile mean stress). -
ESDU 82022
Endurance of steel lugs with clearance-fit pins (Tensile mean stress) -
ESDU 84025
Endurance of aluminium alloy lugs with steel interference-fit pins or bushes. -
ESDU FAT A.05.02
Estimation of endurance of pin joints. -
ESDU 67019
Static strength of screwed fasteners. -
ESDU 67020
Fatigue strength of steel screw threads with large root radii under axial loading. -
ESDU 67034
Effect of inclined nut seatings on the fatigue strength of steel screw threads. -
ESDU 68045
Fatigue strength of large steel screw threads under axial loading. -
ESDU 80028
Fatigue strength of large steel bolts and threaded connections under axial loading. -
ESDU 83012
Fatigue strength of cold-rolled titanium alloy screw threads under axial load (room temperature and elevated temperatures). -
ESDU 84037
Fatigue strength of external and internal steel screw threads under axial loading. (Standard forms not greater than 1.0 inch diameter.) -
ESDU 13008
Fatigue strength of low-carbon steel stud threads under axial and combined axial and bending loading
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ESDU 79031
-
Section 2 : Bonded Joints
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ESDU 67008
Elastic stresses in single lap joints under tension or compression -
ESDU 78042
Shear stresses in the adhesives in bonded joints. Single step double lap joints loaded in tension. -
ESDU 79016
Inelastic shear stresses and strains in the adhesives bonding lap joints loaded in tension or shear. -
ESDU 80011
Elastic stresses in the adhesive in single step double lap bonded joints. -
ESDU 80039
Elastic adhesive stresses in multistep lap joints loaded in tension. -
ESDU 17004
Guide to the use of Data Items in the design of bonded joints -
ESDU 92041
Stress analysis of single lap bonded joints (adhesive and adherends) -
ESDU FAT E.05.06
Endurance of bonded lap joints. (Aluminium alloy sheet material; phenolic resin/vinyl powder glue, tensile loading.) -
ESDU FAT E.05.07
Endurance of bonded double strap joints. (Aluminium alloy sheet material; phenolic resin/vinyl powder glue, tensile loading.)
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ESDU 67008
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Section 3 : Design for Minimum Weight
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ESDU 66006
Design for minimum weight. Struts of uniform section. Thin-walled square tubes. -
ESDU 66007
Design for minimum weight. Struts of uniform section. I-sections. -
ESDU 66008
Design for minimum weight. Struts of uniform section. Minimum weights for various sections. -
ESDU 70007
Design for minimum weight. Compression panels with unflanged integral stiffeners having dimensional restrictions. -
ESDU 75006
Design for maximum structural efficiency. Isotropic sandwich panels under uniaxial compression. -
ESDU 85014
Design for minimum weight. Struts of uniform section. Thin-walled round tubes.
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ESDU 66006
-
Section 4 : Stress Concentrations
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ESDU 09014
Elastic stress concentration factors. Geometric discontinuities in flat bars or strips of isotropic material. -
ESDU 64001
Guide to stress concentration data. -
ESDU 67008
Elastic stresses in single lap joints under tension or compression -
ESDU 67023
Geometric stress concentrations. Two equal unreinforced circular holes in infinite flat plates. -
ESDU 71011
Stresses due to interference-fit pins and bushes in plates, strips or lugs. -
ESDU 75007
Geometric stress concentration factors: two adjacent unreinforced circular holes in infinite flat plates. -
ESDU 75033
Elastic stress concentration factors. Double radius fillets in shouldered shafts in torsion. -
ESDU 79008
Elastic stress concentration factors. Rectangular notch in the edge of a wide flat plate in tension. -
ESDU 79032
Stress concentrations at grooves for retaining rings or seals (with notes on design against fatigue). -
ESDU 80027
Elastic stress concentration factors. Single reinforced and unreinforced holes in infinite plates of isotropic materials. -
ESDU 81006
Stress concentration factors. Axially loaded lugs with clearance-fit pins. -
ESDU 85045
Stress concentrations: interaction and stress decay for selected cases. -
ESDU 89048
Elastic stress concentration factors. Geometric discontinuities in rods and tubes of isotropic materials. -
ESDU 93030
Three-dimensional elastic stress concentration factors. Plain or countersunk hole in a wide plate subjected to tension, bending or pin loading.
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ESDU 09014
-
Section 5 : Fatigue - General
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ESDU 04022
An introduction to low-cycle fatigue phenomena -
ESDU 67014
Fatigue strength of thick cylinders under internal pressure. -
ESDU 70016
Terms and notation for fatigue endurance data. -
ESDU 70018
General principles of design in relation to fatigue. -
ESDU 71009
Design against fatigue. Design principles. -
ESDU 75022
Design against fatigue. Basic design calculations. -
ESDU 87016
Effect of size on fatigue strength of steel components. -
ESDU 90031
Fretting fatigue. -
ESDU 19004
Guide to the effect of shot peening on fatigue strength -
ESDU 97024
Derivation of endurance curves from fatigue test data, including run-outs -
ESDU CFS
Conversion factors -
ESDU FAT A.00.01
The effect of mean stress on fatigue strength (plain test piece). -
ESDU FAT A.00.02
The effect of mean stress on fatigue strength (test piece with stress concentration).
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ESDU 04022
-
Section 6 : Endurance Data - Aluminium Alloys
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ESDU 74038
Effect of an axial compressive mean stress on the fatigue strength of aluminium alloy bar (plain and notched). -
ESDU 87026
Fatigue strength of anodised aluminium alloy. -
ESDU 89004
Effect of fretting on fatigue strength of aluminium alloys. -
ESDU FAT E.07.01
Endurance of aluminium alloys (unclad) (in bending). -
ESDU FAT E.07.02
Notes supplementary to E.07.01 on the fatigue strength of aluminium alloys. -
ESDU FAT E.07.03
The effect of mean stress on the endurance of aluminium alloys.
-
ESDU 74038
-
Section 7 : Endurance Data - Steels
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ESDU 04019
Endurance of high-strength steels. -
ESDU 71027
Endurance of high strength steels (in bending). -
ESDU 74016
The fatigue strength at high endurance of notched low alloy steel specimens (in bending and under axial loading, zero mean stress). -
ESDU 74027
The effect of surface roughness on the fatigue limit of steels (at zero mean stress). -
ESDU 86033
The effect of electrodeposited chromium on the fatigue strength of low alloy steel. -
ESDU 88008
Fatigue limit of unnotched steels (related to tensile strength). -
ESDU 89031
Guide to the selection of surface treatments for the improvement of fatigue strength of steels.
-
ESDU 04019
-
Section 8 : Endurance Data - Titanium Alloys
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ESDU 19002
Fatigue of wrought and cast Ti-6Al-4V alloys in bending and under axial loading -
ESDU 19001
Fatigue of wrought and cast titanium alloys in bending and under axial loading -
ESDU 19001
Fatigue of wrought and cast titanium alloys in bending and under axial loading -
ESDU 88027
Effect of fretting on fatigue strength of titanium alloys.
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ESDU 19002
-
Section 9 : Endurance Estimates - Constant or Variable Amplitude Loading
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ESDU 69024
The cumulative damage of aluminium alloy specimens under variable amplitude fatigue loading. -
ESDU 76014
Estimation of endurance and construction of constant amplitude S-N curves from related data corrected for notch and mean stress effects. -
ESDU 95006
Fatigue life estimation under variable amplitude loading using cumulative damage calculations. -
ESDU 97024
Derivation of endurance curves from fatigue test data, including run-outs
-
ESDU 69024
-
Section 10 : Estimation of Fatigue Life of Structures Subjected to Random Loading
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ESDU 06009
Fatigue damage and life under random loading. -
ESDU 06010
Cycle counting methods for the estimation of fatigue life. -
ESDU 06011
Spectral methods for the estimation of fatigue life -
ESDU 07012
Crack growth criteria for the estimation of fatigue life.
-
ESDU 06009
-
Section 11 : Fracture Mechanics - General
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ESDU 02016
Fracture toughness (KIc) values of some cast irons -
ESDU 80036
Introduction to the use of linear elastic fracture mechanics in estimating fatigue crack growth rates and residual strength of components. -
ESDU 83023
Fracture toughness (KIc) values of some steels. -
ESDU 84001
Growth of cracks under constant amplitude fatigue loading: example calculations. -
ESDU 91027
Non-destructive examination - choice of methods. -
ESDU 96013
Fracture toughness (KIc) values of some aluminium alloys. -
ESDU CFS
Conversion factors
-
ESDU 02016
-
Section 12 : Crack Propagation - Aluminium Alloys
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ESDU 81031
Fatigue crack propagation rates and threshold stress intensity factor ranges for aluminium alloy plate, extruded bar and forgings. -
ESDU 83007
Fatigue crack propagation rates and threshold stress intensity factor ranges for aluminium alloy sheet. -
ESDU 88007
Effect of environment on fatigue crack propagation in aluminium alloy sheet and plate. -
ESDU 92030
Fatigue propagation behaviour of short cracks in aluminium alloys.
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ESDU 81031
-
Section 13 : Crack Propagation - Steels
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ESDU 81011
Fatigue crack propagation in low and medium strength low alloy steel plate, bar and forgings. -
ESDU 81012
Fatigue threshold stress intensity factors and slow crack propagation rates in low and medium strength low alloy steel. -
ESDU 84003
Fatigue crack propagation rates and threshold stress intensity factors in high alloy and corrosion resistant (stainless) steel. -
ESDU 84003
Fatigue crack propagation rates and threshold stress intensity factors in high alloy and corrosion resistant (stainless) steel. -
ESDU 93033
Fatigue propagation behaviour of short cracks (1-2 mm) in steels. -
ESDU 93033
Fatigue propagation behaviour of short cracks (1-2 mm) in steels.
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ESDU 81011
-
Section 14 : Crack Propagation - Titanium Alloys
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ESDU 82015
Fatigue crack propagation rates and threshold stress intensity factor ranges for titanium alloy plate, bar and forgings. -
ESDU 89051
Fatigue crack propagation rates for titanium alloy sheets. -
ESDU 90028
Effect of environment on fatigue crack propagation rate in titanium alloy sheet and plate. -
ESDU 92023
Fatigue propagation behaviour of short cracks in titanium alloys.
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ESDU 82015
-
Section 15 : Stress Intensity Factors
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ESDU 78036
The compounding method of estimating stress intensity factors for cracks in complex configurations using solutions from simple configurations. -
ESDU 81029
Stress intensity factors in lugs (through-thickness cracks). -
ESDU 83033
Stress intensity factors for corner cracks in loaded holes in lugs and wide plates.
-
ESDU 78036
-
Section 16 : Crack Resistance Curves - Aluminium, Aluminium-Lithium and Titanium Alloys and Steels
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ESDU 20003
Crack resistance curves
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ESDU 20003
-
Section 17 : Local Buckling of Stiffened Panels
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ESDU 70003
Local buckling of compression panels with unflanged integral stiffeners. -
ESDU 71014
Local buckling of compression panels with flanged stringers. -
ESDU STRUCT 02.01.34
Estimation of the initial buckling stress under uniaxial compression of a skin with integral unflanged stiffeners. -
ESDU STRUCT 02.01.35
Estimation of the initial buckling stress under uniaxial compression of a skin with Z-section stringers. -
ESDU STRUCT 02.01.36
Estimation of the initial buckling stress under uniaxial compression of a skin with top hat section stringers. -
ESDU STRUCT 02.01.37
Estimation of the initial buckling stress under uniaxial compression of a corrugated sandwich panel.
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ESDU 70003
-
Section 18 : Section Constants
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ESDU 03005
AMOPS: Computer program for the calculation of area and moments of area of planar shapes. -
ESDU 77023
Shear centre and primary warping constant for lipped and unlipped channel and Z-sections. -
ESDU STRUCT 00.06.00
Information on the use of Data Items in the Struct 00.06. series. -
ESDU STRUCT 00.06.01
Method of calculating stress distribution in a reinforced symmetrical shell under bending. -
ESDU STRUCT 00.06.04
Shear centre of circular arc section. -
ESDU STRUCT 00.06.05
Shear centre of D-section. -
ESDU STRUCT 00.07.00
Information on the use of Data Sheets in the 00.07 series. -
ESDU STRUCT 00.07.01
Torsion and secondary warping constants for a bulb angle. -
ESDU STRUCT 00.07.04
Primary warping constant for Z-sections with bulbs. -
ESDU STRUCT 01.00.01
Flexural properties of stringer sections (lipped and unlipped angles, channels and Z-sections).
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ESDU 03005
-
Section 19 : Component Idealisation for Finite Element Analysis
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ESDU 84042
Stiffness data for finite element calculations. Equivalent stiffness factors for shear webs. -
ESDU 98012
Flexibility of, and load distribution in, multi-bolt lap joints subject to in-plane axial loads.
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ESDU 84042
-
Section 20 : Diffusion Problems
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ESDU STRUCT 02.05.00
Diffusion of loads into flat uniform panels.
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ESDU STRUCT 02.05.00
-
Section 21 : Laminated Composites - Analysis and Design
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ESDU 03013
Thickness selection for the flanges and web of a composite I-section beam subjected to bending and shear. -
ESDU 82013
Laminate stacking sequences for special orthotropy. (Application to fibre reinforced composites). -
ESDU 83035
Estimation of the stiffnesses and apparent elastic properties of laminated flat plates. -
ESDU 85001
Elastic stress and strain distributions around circular holes in infinite plates of orthotropic material (applicable to fibre reinforced composites). -
ESDU 86003
Example of the use of Data Item No. 85001. Choice of reinforcement for a circular hole in a fibre reinforced laminated plate. (Data relating to one particular set of laminate properties.) -
ESDU 89013
Transverse (through-the-thickness) shear stiffnesses of fibre reinforced composite laminated plates. -
ESDU 94003
Stiffnesses of laminated flat plates. -
ESDU 94004
Stress analysis of laminated flat plates. -
ESDU 96036
Design of laminated plates subjected to in-plane loads and bending moments.
-
ESDU 03013
-
Section 22 : Laminated Composites - Failure Criteria
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ESDU 82025
Failure modes of fibre reinforced laminates. -
ESDU 83014
Failure criteria for an individual layer of a fibre reinforced composite laminate under in-plane loading. -
ESDU 84018
Failure analysis of fibre reinforced composite laminates. -
ESDU 91003
Delamination of tapered composites. -
ESDU 94019
Through-the-thickness stresses and failure in the corner radius of a laminated composite section. -
ESDU 95028
Delamination and free edge stresses in composite laminates subjected to uniform prescribed axial strain and temperature change.
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ESDU 82025
-
Section 23 : Vibration and Acoustic Fatigue - General
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ESDU 22001
Definitions of terms used in Vibration and Acoustic Fatigue -
ESDU 17011
Power spectral density and bandwidth correction of spectrum level -
ESDU 17012
Combination of levels in dB -
ESDU 21003
Decibel scales and definitions of levels -
ESDU 20005
Introduction and guide to ESDU data on acoustic fatigue -
ESDU 83035
Estimation of the stiffnesses and apparent elastic properties of laminated flat plates. -
ESDU 86025
Design against fatigue: vibration of structures under acoustic or aerodynamic excitation.
-
ESDU 22001
-
Section 24 : Analysis of the Dynamic Response of Structures
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ESDU 00002
Sound power radiation from isotropic plates. -
ESDU 02009
Sound radiation from orthotropic rectangular plates. Part I: estimation by asymptotic method. -
ESDU 02010
Sound radiation from orthotropic rectangular plates. Part II: validation by comparison with numerical and experimental results. -
ESDU 04009
Mobilities and impedances of structures. Part 1: Compendium of frequency response functions. -
ESDU 04010
Mobilities and impedances of structures. Part 2: Compendium of point mobilities of infinite structures. -
ESDU 11008
Compendium of modal densities. Part 1: rods, beams and plates -
ESDU 11009
Compendium of modal densities Part II: Shell structures -
ESDU 97033
Methods for analysis of the dynamic response of structures. -
ESDU 98020
Estimation of transmission efficiencies of coupled plates. -
ESDU 99009
An introduction to Statistical Energy Analysis.
-
ESDU 00002
-
Section 25 : Damping and Response to Acoustic Loading
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ESDU 84008
Estimation of r.m.s. strain in laminated skin panels subjected to random acoustic loading. -
ESDU 84027
Endurance of fibre-reinforced composite, laminated structural elements subjected to simulated random acoustic loading. -
ESDU 85012
Estimation of damping in laminated and fibre-reinforced plates. -
ESDU 86024
Estimation of rms strain in laminated face plates of simply-supported sandwich panels subjected to random acoustic loading. Including a simplified natural frequency prediction method.
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ESDU 84008
-
Section 26 : Natural Frequencies of Plate and Shell Structures
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ESDU 72003
Natural frequencies of built-up, flat, periodic skin-stringer structures. Part I: stringers rigid in bending. -
ESDU 73013
Reference frequency of panel with flexible stiffeners. -
ESDU 75030
Natural frequencies of rectangular flat plates with various edge conditions. -
ESDU 78004
Natural frequencies of thin-walled isotropic, circular-cylindrical shells. -
ESDU 80040
Free vibration of thin-walled, orthogonally stiffened, circular-cylindrical shells. -
ESDU 81018
Natural frequencies of thick-walled isotropic circular-cylindrical shells (shear diaphragm end conditions). -
ESDU 83036
Natural frequencies of rectangular, specially orthotropic laminated plates. -
ESDU 87002
Natural frequencies of rectangular singly-curved plates. -
ESDU 89011
Natural frequencies of singly-curved laminated plates with simply-supported edges. -
ESDU 90016
Natural frequencies of isotropic and orthotropic rectangular plates under static in-plane loading (including shear loading). -
ESDU TM 71
ESDU TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
A Rayleigh-Ritz method of analysis for vibration of orthotropic plates under static in-plane loading (including shear)
-
ESDU 72003
-
Section 27 : Natural Frequencies of Sandwich Panels and Box Structures
-
ESDU 72016
Natural frequencies of flat or singly-curved sandwich panels with cores of zero flexural stiffness. -
ESDU 74025
Natural frequencies of box structures. -
ESDU 85037
Natural frequencies of simply-supported sandwich panels with laminated face plates.
-
ESDU 72016
-
Section 28 : Sandwich Panels with Composite Face Plates
-
ESDU 87013
Elastic wrinkling of sandwich columns and beams with unbalanced laminated fibre reinforced face plates (face plates of AsBoDs, AsBlDs and AsBsDs types). -
ESDU 88015
Elastic wrinkling of sandwich panels with laminated fibre reinforced face plates (face plates of AsBoDs, AsBlDs and AsBsDs types).
-
ESDU 87013
-
Section 29 : Welds - Aluminium Alloys
-
ESDU 91039
Static and fatigue strength of butt welded joints in aluminium alloys. -
ESDU 92017
Fatigue strength of cruciform and other fillet welded joints in aluminium alloys.
-
ESDU 91039
-
Section 30 : Welds - Steel
-
ESDU 75016
Fatigue strength of transverse fillet and cruciform butt welds in steels. -
ESDU 76007
Fatigue of longitudinal fillet welded attachments and joints in steels under axial loading. -
ESDU 76032
Fatigue strength of longitudinal flange-to-web welds in steel I-beams and T-sections. -
ESDU 77011
Fatigue strength of transverse butt welds in steel plate under axial loading. -
ESDU 78016
The effect of post-weld treatments on fatigue at fillet welded attachments. -
ESDU 78023
Fatigue strength of transverse welded joints and attachments in steels under bending loading. -
ESDU 81007
Fatigue strength in bending of steel I-beams with welded attachments. -
ESDU 86013
Guide to the use of Data Items on the fatigue strength of welded joints in steels.
-
ESDU 75016
-
Section 31 : Statistical Methods
-
ESDU 91041
The statistical analysis of data from Normal distributions, with particular reference to small samples. -
ESDU 92040
An introduction to the statistical analysis of engineering data.
-
ESDU 91041
Also included in this Collection: