ESDU 75031 gives an empirical method for the prediction of the drag increment due to a variety of two-dimensional excrescences, each mounted normal to the flow direction on a flat plate, and immersed in a turbulent boundary layer for Mach numbers up to 3. The excrescence types are
See ESDU 75031 for the full theoretical background to this method.
In this program the method of ESDU 73031 has tentatively been extended to cover situations in which steps and ridges are inclined to the flow at other than 90 degrees, along the lines suggested in ESDU 93032.
ESDU 73017 and 77021 provide atmospheric data, if required. These Items are complemented by a Toolbox App.
ESDU 68020 provides data for a turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate, if required. Estimates for local and mean skin friction coefficients may be obtained from the Toolbox App.
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