ESDU A-Z Index: S-SHH

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SAE Classification
Viscosity of Oils, 68036, 71003
Safe-Life Structure
Description, 70016
Safety Factors
Beams, SS3
General Philosophy, SS1
Struts, SS3
Salinity
see
Sea Water
Salt-Bath Mixture
Heat Treatment
see
Heat Transfer Salt
Salt Water
see also
Aqueous Solutions
Sea Water
Effect on Fatigue Crack Propagation Rate
aluminium alloy plate and sheet, 88007
aluminium-lithium alloy plate, 91015
high tensile low alloy steels, 93033
titanium and titanium alloy sheet, 90028
Effect on Fatigue Crack Propagation Rate (Short Cracks)
high tensile low alloy steels, 93033
Effect on Fatigue Strength of Transverse Welds in Aluminium Alloys, 19004
Sample
see
Statistics
Sampled-Data Systems
Reconstruction of Continuous Signal From Sampled Signal
creation of aliases or complementary spectra, 86037
use of bandwidth limitation, 86037
use of data hold, 86037
use of delayed Z-transform, 86037
use of multirate sampling, 86037
Use of Z-Transform
see
Z-Transform
Sand Roughness
Equivalent
see
Roughness
Sandwich Panels and Plates
see also
Curved Sandwich Panels (Cores of Negligible Flexural Stiffness)
Faceplate Wrinkling
Flat Sandwich Panels (Cores of Negligible Flexural Stiffness)
Flat Sandwich Panels (Corrugated Cores)
Flat Sandwich Panels (Isotropic Cores)
Flat Sandwich Panels (Truss Cores)
Dynamic Response
effect of bevelled edge on natural frequency, 85037
Dynamic Response to Excitation
see also
Noise
Response of Lightweight Structures
effect of bevelled edge on response to acoustic loading, 86024, 95026
surface strain due to acoustic loading at mid-point of longer side, 95026
surface strain ratio due to acoustic loading at centre of faceplates, 95026
Edge Fixing Design
considerations for resistance to acoustic fatigue, 86025
Modal Density, Effect Of
faceplate bending stiffness, 11008
orthotropic shear flexibility, 11008
rotary inertia, 11008
Testing Endurance by Simulated Acoustic Loading Applied to Representative Element
see
Acoustic Fatigue
Transverse (Through-Thickness) Shear Stiffness
corrugated core, STRUCT 07.03.01
experimental method of determination, 66025
hexagonal core, 67022
program to compute (with isotropic or laminated faceplates), 89013
Under Local Normal Load
core compression and shear stresses, 73025
Sankey Diagram
Diesel Engine, and Gas and Steam Turbines, 89001
Saturation
Representation by Describing Functions
analysis of nonlinear systems, 84009
Saybolt Seconds
Measurement of Viscosity, 68036, 81002
Scattering
Absorption or Emission of Radiation by Atoms or Molecules
see
Temperature Measurement
Schlieren Photographs
Aerofoils in Transonic Flow, 90008
Scoop Intakes
see
Intakes
Spillage Drag
Scragging
Effect on Fatigue Strength of Helical Springs, 83002, 83003
Screen
Pressure Drop Across in Internal Flow
see
Gauzes
Perforated Plates
Used in Definition of Airborne Distance in Take-Off
location for runways with gradient(s), 87018
Screw Threads
see also
Bolted Joints
Inside Straight Pipes
see
Pressure Drop in Internal Flow
Steel
effect of inclination of nut seating on fatigue strength, 67034
static strength under axial load, 67019
surface treatments to improve fatigue strength, 89031
Steel, Greater Than 1.0 Inch Diameter
effect of manufacturing process on fatigue strength, 68045, 80028
fatigue strength under axial load for buttress and V-threads, 80028
fatigue strength under axial load for Unified threads, 68045, 80028
fatigue strength under axial load for Whitworth threads, 68045, 80028
Steel, up to 1.0 Inch Diameter
effect of manufacturing process on fatigue strength, 67020, 84037
effect of material tensile strength on fatigue strength, 84037
effect of mean stress on fatigue strength, 84037
effect of thread form and thread root radius on fatigue strength, 67020
fatigue strength under axial load, 67020, 84037
Titanium Alloy Cold Rolled
effect of alloy composition and heat treatment on fatigue strength, 83012
effect of size on fatigue strength, 83012
effect of temperature on fatigue strength, 83012
effect of zinc plating on fatigue strength, 83012
fatigue strength under axial load, 83012
Seals
see
Controls (Gap Sealed)
Reciprocating Seals
Rotary Seals
Sears-Haack Body
Area Distribution, AERO A.02.03.02
Nose or Tail Radius of Curvature, 77028
Planform Area and Its Centroid, 77028
Surface Area, 77028
Volume, 77028
Sea Water
see also
Aqueous Solutions
Salt Water
Composition, 77024
Definition of Chlorinity and Salinity, 77024
Density
variation with salinity and temperature, 77024
Dynamic Viscosity
variation with salinity and temperature, 77024
variation with temperature, 66024
Effect on Fatigue Crack Propagation Rate
aluminium alloy forgings, plates and sheet, 88007
high tensile low alloy steels, 93033
Effect on Fatigue Crack Propagation Rate (Short Cracks)
high tensile low alloy steels, 93033
Effect on Fretting Fatigue of Aluminium Alloys, 89004
Prandtl Number
variation with salinity and temperature, 77024
Source of Fouling in Cooling Water Systems, 88024
Specific Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure
variation with salinity and temperature, 77024
Thermal Conductivity
variation with salinity and temperature, 77024
Secant Modulus
see also
Flat Panels in General
Stress-Strain Curves
Definition, 76016
Equations for Generalised Stress-Strain Curve in Terms of, 76016, 89052
Relationship With Tangent Modulus for Generalised Stress-Strain Curve, 76016, 89052
Secant Ogives
see
Afterbody
Forebody
Ogive Cylinders
Ogives
Second-Order Linear System
see
Damping
Dynamic Stability
Linear Systems
Second-Order Theories
Subcritical Inviscid Flow
velocity distribution on aerofoils, 72025
Supersonic Flow
velocity distribution on bodies, AERO B.S.02.03.01
velocity distribution on wings, AERO W.S.00.03.03
Second-Segment Climb Gradient
see
Rate of Climb
Take-Off
Self-Contained Bearing Assemblies
see also
Rolling Bearings for Specialised Applications
Equilibrium Temperature Rise Estimation
approximate prediction method, 78027
discussion of modelling process and identification of heat paths, 97019
estimation of heat transfer and joint conductance, 78029
estimation of thermal resistance, 78028
guidance on coefficient of friction, 78027
introduction to prediction method, 78026
methods of reducing, 78026
program for calculation using thermal network model, 97019
worked example calculations, 79002
Worked Examples of Use of Prediction Method for Temperature Rise
application to dry rubbing bearings, 79002
application to plummer block assemblies, 79002, 97019
application to rolling element bearings, 79002, 97019
approximate application to ring-oiled and other journal bearings, 79002, 97019
Sell's Method
Velocity Distribution on Aerofoils
Albone's extension to just-supercritical flow, 79009
use as standard to evaluate approximate calculation methods, 72025
Semiconductor Devices
Use in Temperature Measurement
see
Temperature Measurement
Semi-Elliptical Plates
see also
Flat Plates
Inclined to Flow, 70015
centre of pressure and normal force, 70015
Normal to Flow
interference effects between pair, 70015
normal force, 70015
Semi-Range/mean Stress Diagram
see also
High Tensile Low Alloy Steels
Low Tensile Low Alloy Steels
Welded Transverse Joints in Steels Under Axial Loading
Description, 70016
For Fatigue Calculations, 75022
Notched Specimens, FAT A.00.02
Unnotched Specimens, FAT A.00.01
Separation
see
Flow Separation
Servomechanisms
see also
Control Systems
Feedback
Linear Systems
Basic Equations for Behaviour and Transfer Functions
ac and dc motors, 85026
accelerometers, 85026
active or passive electrical networks, 85026
dc generators, 85026
gyroscopes, 85026
hydraulic components, 85026
pneumatic components, 85026
various spring-mass-damper systems, 85026
Shafts
see also
Rotors
Deflections and Slopes Due to Point and/or Distributed Loads, and/or Moments, 69017
Heat Transfer
see
Heat Transfer
Position in Journal Bearings
see
Journal Bearings
Splined
see
Splined Steel Shaft Assemblies
Strength Analysis
see also
Beams in General
Beams of Circular Section
Struts in General
Struts of Tubular Section
Stress Concentration in Fillets, Grooves, Holes and Splines
see
Circular Holes in Round Rods and Tubes
Fillets in Round Rods and Tubes
Fillets of Double Radius in Round Rods and Tubes
Grooves of Flat-Bottomed Section in Rods
Grooves of Flat-Bottomed Section Inside or Outside Tubes
Grooves of U-Section in Rods
Grooves of U-Section Inside or Outside Tubes
Splined Steel Shaft Assemblies
Surface Treatments of Steel to Improve Fatigue Strength, 89031
With Interference-Fit Collars
see
Shafts with Interference-Fit Collars
Shafts with Interference-Fit Collars
see also
Shafts
Coefficient of Friction for Steel Assemblies, 68002
Design Procedure, 68002
Discussion of Fatigue Performance and Its Improvement, 68002
Effect of Surface Treatment on Fatigue Performance, 68002
Elastic Interface Pressures and Stresses, 68003
three or more elements, 68004
Fatigue Strength of Plain Shafts, 68005
Slipping Load and Torque
for parallel shaft, 68002
for tapered shaft, 68002
Shafts with Keyways
see also
Shafts
Crack Initiation and Propagation, 86028
Design of Keyway to Reduce Stress Concentration, 15004, 86028
Fatigue Strength of Steel in Torsion
with loaded key compared with plain shaft, 86028
without key compared with plain shaft, 86028
Fatigue Strength of Steel Under Bending
without key, 86028
Stress Concentration in Bending, 15004, 86028
Stress Concentration in Combined Bending and Torsion, 15004
Stress Concentration in Torsion, 15004
with loaded key, 86028
Shakedown
Description, 73004
Shape Factors (Form Factors)
see
Beams in General
Beams of Angle Section
Beams of Channel Section
Beams of Circular Section
Beams of I-Section
Beams of Rectangular Tubular Section
Beams of T-Section
Beams of Unlipped Z-Section
Shear Centre
see also
Channel Sections with Lips turned inwards
Channel Sections with Lips turned outwards
Circular-Arc Sections
D-Sections
Introduction, STRUCT 00.06.00
Shear Flow
see also
Boundary Walls and Fences
Hoardings (Elevated Above Ground Level)
Profile Factors
Velocity Profile
Beams of Various Sections
effect on profile drag and sideforce, 82007
Circular-Section Cylinders (Parallel-Sided, Stepped or Tapered)
effect on local and overall overturning moment, 81017
effect on local and overall profile drag, 81017
effect on local pressures, 81017
Double-Wedge Section Cylinders With Edge Aligned Symmetrically and Normal to Flow
effect on overturning moment and profile drag, 79026
Elliptical-Section Cylinders Normal to Flow
effect on overturning moment, profile drag and sideforce, 79026
Flat Plates
effect on normal force, 70015
Frameworks of Flat-Sided and/or Tubular Members
effect on overturning moment, profile drag and sideforce, 81027
Lattice Towers of Flat-Sided and/or Tubular Members
effect on profile drag and sideforce, 81028
Multiple Parallel Frameworks of Flat-Sided and/or Tubular Members
effect on profile drag and sideforce, 81027
Multi-Sided Circular-Section Cylinders With Edge Aligned Symmetrically and Normal to Flow
effect on overturning moment and profile drag, 79026
Multi-Sided Elliptical-Section Cylinders With Edge Aligned Symmetrically and Normal to Flow
effect on overturning moment and profile drag, 79026
Paraboloidal Antennas
effect on profile drag, rotational moment and sideforce, 82031
Rectangular-Section Cylinders Normal to Flow
effect on axial force, profile drag and sideforce, 80003
effect on overturning and torsional moments, 80003
Square-Section Cylinders Normal to Flow
effect on axial force, profile drag and sideforce, 80003
effect on overturning and torsional moments, 80003
Square-Section Cylinders With Edge Rounding Normal to Flow
effect on overturning moment and profile drag, 79026
Triangular-Section Cylinders With Edge Aligned Symmetrically and Normal to Flow
effect on overturning moment and profile drag, 79026
Triangular-Section Cylinders With Face Normal to Flow
effect on overturning moment and profile drag, 79026
Shear Force
Calculation for Aircraft in Steady Symmetric Manoeuvres
fuselage and straight or swept medium to high aspect ratio wing, 94045
Shear Modulus
Various Piping Materials, 83046
Shear Strength
Values for Various Metallic Materials
aluminium, magnesium and titanium alloys, and nickel steels and steels 00932 (MMDH)
Shear-Thickening or -Thinning Fluids
see
Non-Newtonian Fluids
Shear Webs
see also
Corrugated Plates
Flat Panels in General
Flat Panels with Transverse Stiffeners
Flat Rectangular Plates
Flat Sandwich Panels (Cores of Negligible Flexural Stiffness)
Flat Sandwich Panels (Corrugated Cores)
Flat Sandwich Panels (Truss Cores)
Flat Specially-Orthotropic Rectangular Plates
Flat Square Plates with Central Circular Hole
Flat Square Plates with Central Flanged Circular Hole
Flexibility (and Stiffness) of Various Forms
for use in finite element calculation, 84042
Sheet-Stringer Combinations
see
Curved Panels
Flat Panels in General
Flat Panels with Fibre-Reinforced Unflanged Integral Stiffeners
Flat Panels with Flanged Integral Stiffeners
Flat Panels with Lipped or Unlipped Z-Section Stiffeners
Flat Panels with Top-Hat Section Stiffeners
Flat Panels with Transverse Stiffeners
Flat Panels with T-Section Integral Stiffeners
Flat Panels with Unflanged Integral Stiffeners
Flat Panels with Unlipped Z-Section Stiffeners
Flat Parallelogram Panels
Response of Lightweight Structures
Skin-Rib Joints in Aluminium Alloys
Skin-Rib Joints in Composite Structures
Skin-Rib Joints in General
Skin-Rib Joints in Titanium Alloys
Shell-And-Tube Heat Exchangers
see also
Condensers
Forced Convection Heat Transfer
Fouling
Fouling in Combustion Plant
Fouling in Cooling Water Systems
Fouling in Crude Oil Distillation Plant
Free Convection Heat Transfer
Heat Exchangers
Mixed Forced-Free Convection Heat Transfer
Pressure Drop Across Tube Banks
Pressure Drop in Internal Flow
Roughness
Approximate Relationship Between Tube Count and Shell Diameter, 97007
Baffled Shellside E- and J-Shells
calculation of flow distribution, heat transfer and pressure drop, 83038
Calculation of Approximate Capital Cost, 97007
Condenser With Shellside Downflow
see also
Condensing Flow Over Low-Finned Tubes
calculation method for heat transfer and pressure drop, 84023
calculation of required surface area, 84023
flooding limit, 84023
flow distribution at vapour inlet, 84023
sizing outlet nozzle, 84023
Debottlenecking Using Program REVISE
Design Program (EXPRESS) for Rapid Direct Determination of Performance
assessing effect of operation at off-design conditions, 00042
assessing effect of uncertainty in design conditions, 00042
avoiding crude oil fouling by staying below threshold for, 00016, 00042
conditions for optimum (using available pressure drop), 00042
effect of baffle cut, geometry, and shell type, 00042
effect of flowrate on outlet temperatures, 00042
effect of operating conditions as fraction of design on outlet temperatures, 00042
effect of rate of fouling on outlet temperatures, 00042
guide to use of program EXPRESS, 00042
thermal duty and pressure drop plotted against tybe count and length, 00016, 00042
Detailed Cost Data for Various Fluids as Function of Heat Load and Operating Pressure, 92013
effect of shell type, length/diameter, material, tube diameter, and fluid pressure, 94042
use in selection of heat exchanger type for given duty, 92013
Enhancement of Performance by Added Roughness
see
Forced Convection Heat Transfer
E-Shells in Series/Parallel Arrangements With Various Numbers of Shells
charts of thermal effectiveness for design/performance rating, 98005
maximum heat transfer effectiveness, 98004, 98005
prediction of temperature meet (cross) between streams, 98005
E-Shells in Series With Various Numbers of Shells
charts of thermal effectiveness for design/performance rating, 98005
maximum heat transfer effectiveness, 98004, 98005
prediction of temperature meet (cross) between streams, 98005
E-Shell With Co- or Counter-Current Flow and Various Numbers of Baffles
charts of thermal effectiveness for design/performance rating, 98005
maximum heat transfer effectiveness, 98004, 98005
prediction of temperature meet (cross) between streams, 98005
E-Shell With Co- or Counter-Current Flow and Various Numbers of Tube Passes
charts of thermal effectiveness for design/performance rating, 98005
maximum heat transfer effectiveness, 98004, 98005
prediction of temperature meet (cross) between streams, 98005
F-Shells With Even Number of Passes and Heat Transfer Across Longitudinal Baffle
charts of thermal effectiveness for design and performance rating, 98005
maximum heat transfer effectiveness, 98004, 98005
G-Shells With Two Passes
charts of thermal effectiveness for design/performance rating, 98005
maximum heat transfer effectiveness, 98005
prediction of temperature meet (cross) between streams, 98004
J-Shells With Co- or Counter-Current Flow and Various Numbers of Baffles
charts of thermal effectiveness for design/performance rating, 98005
maximum heat transfer effectiveness, 98004, 98005
prediction of temperature meet (cross) between streams, 98005
J-Shells With One or Two Passes in Series
charts of thermal effectiveness for design/performance rating, 98005
maximum heat transfer effectiveness, 98005
prediction of temperature meet (cross) between streams, 98005
Modification Program (REVISE) for Rapid Determination of Changes From Initial Performance
Network Design Using Process Integration
program to optimise utility use and costs, 00043
Prediction of Acoustic Resonance for In-Line and Staggered Tube Banks, 88028
acoustic damping for suppression of resonance, 88028
acoustic Strouhal number, 88028
isobars and modes for circular duct, 88028
types of potential damage from, 88028
typical wave form in rectangular, 88028
use of deresonating baffles or other solution methods, 88028
Retrofitting to Network
Revamping Using Program REVISE
TEMA Fouling Factors, 00016
Use of Tube Inserts in Debottlenecking and Revamping, 00041, 97007
Use of Tube Inserts in Design, 00041, 97007
see also
Forced Convection Heat Transfer
calculation of capital cost with or without, 00041, 97007
guide to use of program ENTRANS, 00041
improving controllability and flexibility of operation, 00041, 97007
inlet and outlet film temperatures with or without, 00041, 97007
keeping within maximum shell length and diameter, 00041, 97007
making best use of available pressure drop, 00041, 97007
possible mitigation of fouling, 00016, 00041, 97007
reducing length, and number of passes and shells, 00041, 97007
situations in which use of inserts is inappropriate, 97007
tubeside heat transfer for twisted tapes, 95027
tubeside heat transfer for various types including twisted tapes, 97007
tubeside pressure drop for twisted tapes, 95027
tubeside pressure drop for various types including twisted tapes, 00041, 97007
Vibration
effect of buffeting on wear and life, 87019
mechanisms causing and methods of reducing risk, 87019
prediction of damping in gas or liquid flows, 87019
prediction of fluidelastic instability and of natural frequency of tubes and U-tubes, 87019
response to wake shedding, 87019
Shells
see also
Circular Frames Supported By A Shell
Cylinders of Circular Section (Strength and Vibration)
Cylinders of Circular Section with Flat Ends
Cylinders of Circular Section with Torispherical Ends
Cylinders of Elliptical Section
Cylinders of Laminated Construction
Spherical Shells of Laminated Construction
Dynamic Response to Excitation Above Ring Frequency
equation for coupling loss factor for connected, 98020, 99009
equation for modal density in bending, 99009
Reinforced Symmetrical
bending moment for given maximum panel strain, STRUCT 00.06.01
stress distribution for given bending moment, STRUCT 00.06.01

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