ESDU A-Z Index: PRE-PRH
- see also
- Steels
- Fatigue Crack Propagation Rate
-
- see also
- Crack Propagation
- characteristic slopes of plots against stress intensity factor, 84003
- effect of alloy composition, 84003
- effect of heat treatment, 84003
- effect of mean stress (or stress ratio), 84003
- summary of available data, 23012
- Fatigue Strength at High Endurance
- relationship with tensile strength for unnotched specimens, 88008
- Fatigue Strength Under Bending, 71027
- effect of notches, 71027
- relationship with tensile strength, 71027
- Fracture Toughness
- variation with temperature, 83023
- Threshold Stress Intensity Factor Range, 84003
- effect of mean stress (or stress ratio), 84003
- Solution of First-Order Differential Equations With Initial Conditions
- formulae of various orders, 86011
- see also
- One-Dimensional Flow
- Definition, 81004
- Rectangular External-Compression Double- or Single-Ramp Intakes
- critical operation, 75005
- Thrust-drag Accounting From Flight Test Data, 16003
- Use to Define Upper Limit of Spillage Drag, 84004
- Variation With Mach Number and Mass Flow Ratio
- one-dimensional flow, 81024
- Variation With Mach Number and Mass Flow Ratio for NACA 1-Series and Modified Axisymmetric Cowls
- in inviscid flow at zero incidence, 94014
- see also
- One-Dimensional Flow
- see
- Bolted Joints
- see also
- Pressure Distribution
- Absolute Minimum Value (Vacuum Limit), 95025, 96025, 98026, AERO W.S.02.03.02
- Relationship to Local Mach Number and Local Velocity, 74013, 97017
- Similarity Laws at Subsonic or Supersonic Speeds
- in axisymmetric flow, 97025
- Similarity Laws at Subsonic, Supersonic or Transonic Speeds
- in two- or three-dimensional flow, 97025
- see also
- Anemometric Data Correction
- Acoustic Loading
- definition, 20005
- Aerofoil Design to Provide Specified Upper-Surface in Transonic Flow, 99032
- Aerofoils
-
- see also
- Critical Conditions in Fluid Flow
- bibliography of data at high subsonic speeds (Catalogue 5), TD MEMO 6407
- comparison of experimental with calculated by viscous-coupled method, 92008
- comparison of results from VGK with experimental results, with or without control deflection, 96028
- comparison of results from VGK with results from other theories, 96028
- design to obtain desirable features in transonic flow, 97017
- estimation from shock-wave properties, AERO W.S.00.03.03, AERO W.S.00.03.05
- estimation in inviscid subsonic flow, 72025, 79009
- estimation in inviscid transonic flow, 79009
- estimation in sonic free stream using graphical input, 69013, TD MEMO 6511
- estimation in viscous subcritical flow by first-order method, 76002
- estimation in viscous subsonic or transonic flow using VGK, 96028, 96029
- estimation in viscous transonic flow, 81019
- examples to assist in predicting excrescence drag magnification, 87004
- for given drag-rise Mach number, 71019, 71020
- inverse design of geometry to match target complete or partial distribution, 01025
- methods of calculation in supersonic flow, AERO W.S.00.03.03
- oscillating, or with an oscillating control, in subsonic flow, 81034
- oscillating, or with an oscillating control, in supersonic flow, 82005
- program to predict for low-drag GUNACA-series, 99003
- use in prediction of shock-induced separation, 81020, 97030
- use of computed to define separation boundary at transonic speeds, 81020, 92008
- use of roof-top to inhibit transition and give low drag, 99003
- use with boundary layer properties to define flow breakdown boundary at transonic speeds, 91021
- variation with Mach number and angle of attack at transonic speeds, 90008
- Aerofoils With Sealed Leading- and/or Trailing-Edge Controls or Flaps
- effect of deflection in subsonic or transonic flow, 01033, 96028, 96029
- Afterbody of Circular-Arc, Conical or Parabolic-Arc Shape at Zero Incidence (Long Afterbodies)
- effect of supersonic Mach number and geometry, AERO B.S.05.03.01
- with central jet (base pressure less than that at end of boat-tail), AERO B.S.05.03.01
- Afterbody of Circular-Arc, Conical or Parabolic-Arc Shape at Zero Incidence (Short Afterbodies)
- effect of supersonic Mach number and geometry, 00028
- with central jet (base pressure less than that at end of boat-tail), AERO B.S.05.03.01
- Blunt Nose
- flat plates, AERO W.S.05.03.01
- Derivation From Velocity Distribution
- isentropic flow (Section 7.1), 73012, 78037
- Estimation of Temperature Distribution From, 82018
- Finite Length Rectangular-Section Cylinders Normal to Flow
- average and variation over each face, 71016
- surface-mounting effects, 71016
- Finite Length Square-Section Cylinders Normal to Flow
- average and variation over each face, 71016
- effect of incidence in uniform approach flow, 71016
- surface-mounting effects, 71016
- Flat Circular Plate Normal to Flow
- variation over both faces, 83020
- Forebody
- blunted conical at zero incidence in hypersonic or supersonic flow, 82018
- blunted conical at zero incidence in subsonic or transonic flow, 83018
- blunted ogival at zero incidence in subsonic flow, 82018, 83018
- blunted ogival at zero incidence in transonic flow, 80008, 83018
- blunted parabolic at zero incidence in transonic flow, 80008
- conical at zero incidence in subsonic or transonic flow, 83018
- ellipsoidal at zero incidence in hypersonic, subsonic or supersonic flow, 82018
- ellipsoidal at zero incidence in transonic flow, 80008, 82018
- flat-faced at zero incidence in hypersonic or supersonic flow, 82018
- hemispherical at zero incidence in hypersonic or supersonic flow, 82018
- hemispherical at zero incidence in subsonic flow, 82018, 83018
- hemispherical at zero incidence in transonic flow, 80008, 82018, 83018
- ogival at zero incidence in subsonic flow, 82018, 83018
- ogival at zero incidence in supersonic flow, AERO B.S.05.03.01
- ogival at zero incidence in transonic flow, 80008, 83018
- spherically-curved at zero incidence in supersonic flow, 82018
- NACA 1-Series and Modified Axisymmetric Cowls at Zero Incidence
- variation with Mach number and mass flow ratio over forecowl in inviscid flow, 94015
- Paraboloidal Antennas
- effect of flow incidence, 83020
- effect of focal length, 83020
- variation over both faces, 83020
- Surface-Mounted Circular-Section Cylinders
- around sides, 81017
- over top, 81017
- Two-Dimensional Circular-Section Cylinders Normal to Flow
- mean and fluctuating values at surface, 80025
- Two-Dimensional Rectangular-Section Cylinders Normal to Flow
- average and variation over each face, 71016
- Two-Dimensional Square-Section Cylinders Normal to Flow
- average and variation over each face, 71016
- effect of incidence in uniform approach flow, 71016
- Under Tyre Footprint on Wet Surface, TM 211
- Wings
- conversion to local Mach number distribution normal to isobars, 75027
- effects of cranks or notches (Section 8.3), 73012
- interference effect of fuselage or other bodies (Section 8.4), 73012
- subsonic flow, 73012
- use with boundary layer properties to define flow breakdown boundary at transonic speeds, 91021
- Aerofoils
- estimation in sonic free stream using graphical input, 69013
- estimation using VGK in subsonic or transonic flow, 96028, 96029
- Circular-Arc or Parabolic-Arc Pointed Afterbody in Subsonic or Transonic Flow
- effect of Mach number and geometry, 96012
- Conical orTruncated Conical Afterbody in Subsonic Flow
- effect of Mach number and geometry, 77020
- effect of rounding after- to mid-body junction, 77020
- Conical orTruncated Conical Afterbody in Transonic Flow
- effect of Mach number and geometry, 78041
- Contributions to and Methods of Estimation, 97016
- Flat Plates Inclined or Normal to Flow
-
- see
- Normal Force
- Flat Plates Parallel to Flow With Turbulent Boundary Layer
- guide to alleviation of base drag, 10017
- means of prediction, 10016
- Forebodies in Hypersonic or Supersonic Flow at Zero Incidence
- conical or blunted conical, 82028
- flat-faced, hemispherical or spherically-curved with sharp shoulder, 82028
- Forebodies in Hypersonic, Subsonic or Supersonic Flow at Zero Incidence
- ellipsoidal or hemispherical, 80021
- flat-faced with or without shoulder radius, 80021
- Forebodies in Subsonic or Supersonic Flow at Zero Incidence
- ogival or blunted ogival, 80021
- Forebodies in Transonic Flow at Zero Incidence
- conical, blunted conical or blunted ogival, 83017, 89033
- NACA 1-Series and Modified Axisymmetric Cowls at Zero Incidence
- variation with Mach number and mass flow ratio over forecowl in inviscid flow, 94014
- Truncated Circular-Arc or Parabolic-Arc Afterbody in Subsonic Flow With Central Jet
- annular base width greater than 0.05 base diameter, 02012
- negligible annular base area, 01012
- Truncated Circular-Arc or Parabolic-Arc Afterbody in Subsonic or Transonic Flow
- effect of Mach number and geometry, 96012
- Truncated Circular-Arc or Parabolic-Arc Afterbody in Supersonic Flow With Central Jet
- base pressure less than pressure at end of boat-tail, 00026
- Truncated (Circular-Arc Running into Conical) Afterbody in Subsonic Flow With Central Jet
- negligible annular base area, 01012
- Truncated Conical Afterbody in Supersonic Flow With Central Jet
- base pressure less or greater than pressure at end of boat-tail, 00017
- base pressure less than pressure at end of boat-tail, 00026
- Truncated (Parabolic-Arc Running into Conical) Afterbody in Subsonic Flow With Central Jet
- negligible annular base area, 01012
- High-Finned Tubes
- comparison of predictions with experimental results, 86022
- effect of geometry, 86022
- effect of number of rows and tube arrangement, 86022
- effect of variable fluid properties, 86022
- single-phase gas or liquid flow through, 86022
- Low-Finned Tubes
- comparison of predictions with experimental results, 84016
- effect of geometry, 84016
- effect of number of rows and tube arrangement, 84016
- effect of variable fluid properties, 84016
- single-phase gas or liquid flow through, 84016
- Plain Tube Banks in Axisymmetric Regular Configurations for General Use
- by-pass effects, 74040
- effect of number of tube rows, 74040
- effect of tube pitch (transverse and longitudinal), 74040
- inclination effects, 74040
- inlet turbulence effects, 74040
- Reynolds number effects, 74040
- tube surface roughness effects, 74040
- variable fluid property effects, 74040
- Plain Tube Banks in Typical Shell-and-Tube Exchanger Lay-Outs
- effects of tube pitch with equations, 79034
- orientation effects with equations, 79034
- Reynolds number effects with equations, 79034
- square and triangular configurations (both normal and rotated), 79034
- surface roughness effects with equations, 79034
- variable fluid property effects with equations, 79034
- Bends, 89012
- accuracy, 89012
- effect of orientation, 89012
- Discussion of Three Components, FMI2
- Discussion of Variables Affecting Pressure Drop, FMI2
- Friction Component in Circular-Section Straight Pipes (Horizontal Only)
- Beggs and Brill Correlation Accuracy, 01014
- Chenoweth and Martin Correlation Accuracy, 01014
- Chisholm Correlation Accuracy, 01014
- database used to establish accuracy of correlations, 01014
- effect of fluid properties, mass velocity and quality, 01014
- effect of roughness, 01014
- estimation with chosen probability and confidence, 01014
- Freidel Correlation Accuracy, 01014
- homogeneous theory accuracy (four different methods of modelling viscosity), 01014
- Lockhart and Martinelli Correlation Accuracy, 01014
- Martinelli and Nelson Correlation Accuracy, 01014
- Olujic Correlation Accuracy, 01014
- selection of best correlation method according to flow pattern and quality, 01014
- selection of best correlation method according to mass velocity and quality, 01014
- Friction Component in Circular-Section Straight Pipes (Horizontal or Vertical)
- Baroczy Correlation accuracy, 76018
- Chenoweth and Martin Correlation accuracy, 76018
- Chisholm Correlation accuracy, 76018
- choking mass velocity for steam-water mixture, 76018
- effect of condensation and evaporation, 76018
- effect of fluid properties, mass velocity and quality, 76018
- estimation with chosen probability and confidence, 76018
- Friedel Correlation, 88014, 89039, 90024, 91023
- homogeneous theory accuracy, 76018
- Lockhart and Martinelli Correlation accuracy, 76018
- Martinelli and Nelson Correlation accuracy, 76018
- selection of best correlation method according to mass velocity and quality, 76018
- Thom Correlation accuracy, 76018
- Gravity Component in Circular-Section Straight Pipes
- Armand Correlation accuracy, 77016
- Beggs Equations accuracy, 77016
- Chisholm Equation accuracy, 77016
- drift-flux model with empirical correction, 88014
- effect of evaporation, 77016
- effect of fluid properties, mass velocity and quality, 77016
- estimation with chosen probability and confidence, 77016
- homogeneous theory accuracy, 77016
- Hughmark Correlation accuracy, 77016
- Lockhart and Martinelli Correlation accuracy, 77016
- Premoli et al Correlation accuracy, 77016, 89039, 90024, 91023
- selection of best correlation method for various conditions, 77016
- Guide to Calculation Procedures, 78018
- Guide to Use of Statistical Methods Prediction of Components, 01014, FMI2
- Momentum Change Component
- estimation using homogeneous theory, 78001, 88014, 89039, 90024, 91023
- estimation using separated flow theory, 78001
- guide to choice of appropriate estimation method, 78001
- Orifice Plates, 89012
- accuracy, and effect of flow orientation and regime, 89012
- Reflux Condensers
- discussion of available data, 89038
- prediction methods, 89038
- Sudden Contractions, 89012
- accuracy, 89012
- effect of flow regime, 89012
- Sudden Expansions, 89012
- accuracy, 89012
- effect of flow regime, 89012
- Valves (Diaphragm, Gate, Globe and Plug), 89012
- accuracy, 89012
- effect of flow orientation and regime, 89012
- effect of part closure, 89012
- Worked Examples, 78018
- see also
- Annular Diffusers
- Boiling Flow in Pipes
- Condensing Flow in Pipes
- Conical Diffusers
- Diffusers
- Ejectors
- Fouling
- Fouling in Combustion Plant
- Fouling in Cooling Water Systems
- Fouling in Crude Oil Distillation Plant
- Heat Transfer
- Plane-Walled Diffusers with Single-Plane Expansion
- Pressure Drop Across Obstructions in Ducts
- Pressure Drop in Gas- or Vapour-Liquid Internal Flow
- Pressure Drop in Non-Newtonian Flow
- Pressure Drop in Shell-And-Tube Heat Exchangers
- Roughness
- Two-Phase (Gas- or Vapour-Liquid) Flow
- Bends of Circular or Rectangular Section
- circular-arc, 83037, 89012
- composite- and single-mitre, 83037
- effect of guide vanes, 83037
- standard pipe fittings, 83037
- Cocks, 69022
- Coils
- Archimedian, helical, helical Archimedian or spiral, 77029
- Contraction of Section
- Dampers for Flow Control, 81043
- Definitions of Pressure Drop Coefficients, FMI1
- Discussion of Calculation Procedure, 77009, FMI1
- Effect of flow property profiles on pressure loss coefficients for incompressible fluids, TM 148
- Effect of Randomly-Distributed Roughnesses
- circular-arc bends, 83037
- composite- and single-mitre bends, 83037
- diffusers, 87015
- estimation of heat transfer from friction factor for, 82021
- straight ducts, 66027, 82021
- Effect of Systematic Roughnesses in Straight Ducts
- approximate expressions for friction factor with various tube inserts, 97007
- calculation for various roughness types in various cross-section shapes, 82021
- estimation of heat transfer from friction factor for, 82021
- fins of trapezoidal- or triangular-section in turbulent flow, 79014
- flow regimes, 79014
- helical grooves or threads of various sections in laminar/turbulent flow, 79014
- ribs of rectangular- or rounded-section in laminar/turbulent flow, 79014
- ribs of rectangular- or rounded-section in turbulent flow, 82021
- rounded- or truncated-pyramidal projections in turbulent flow, 79014
- twisted tape inserts in laminar, transition or turbulent flow, 95027, 97007
- use of data for annular- or rectangular-section in turbulent flow, 79014
- Enlargement of Section
- Flowmetering Devices, 66030
- cylindrical tube orifices, 81039, 82009
- orifice plates, 66030, 81039, 82009, 89012
- Gauzes of Round Wire
- rectangular mesh, 72009
- square mesh, 72009
- Intake Losses
-
- see
- Intakes
- Interference Between Components
-
- see also
- Diffusers
- effect of down and upstream conditions for annular diffusers, 75026, 76027
- effect of down and upstream conditions for composite- or single-mitre bends, 83037
- effect of down and upstream conditions for conical diffusers, 73024, 76027
- effect of down and upstream conditions for plane-walled diffusers, 74015, 76027
- effect of down and upstream conditions for single circular-arc bends, 83037
- effect of downstream conditions for two bends in series, 77009
- effect of upstream conditions for sudden enlargement of section, 72011
- general discussion, FMI1
- two bends in series, 77009
- Introduction to Data Items on, FMI1
- Junctions With Three Straight Legs of Circular- or Rectangular-Section
- combining flows, 73023
- dividing flows, 73022
- Orifices (Cylindrical Tube)
- in compressible flow, 82009
- in incompressible flow, 81039, 82009
- Orifices in Plates
- in compressible flow, 82009
- in incompressible flow, 66030, 81039, 82009, 89012
- Perforated Plates
- in compressible flow, 82009
- in incompressible flow, 81039, 82009
- Silencers
- cylindrical with or without pod or rectangular splitter, 82002
- Straight Circular-Section Pipes, 66027, 74029, 82021, FMI1
- compressible adiabatic or isothermal flow, 74029
- Straight Non-Circular Section Ducts, 66027, 82021
- compressible adiabatic or isothermal flow, 74029
- low-speed compressible flow equation, 74029, FMI1
- Valves (Fully-Open)
- diaphragm, gate, globe, or plug, 69022, 89012
- Valves (Fully- or Partly-Open)
- angle, 69022
- butterfly, 69022
- diaphragm, gate or globe, 69022
- needle, 69022
- poppet-type, 69022
- stop or throttle, 69022
- Y-type, 69022
- see also
- Transition
- Calculation in Laminar Flow, 91025, 95012
- Bingham model, 91025
- generalised Metzner-Reed model, 91025
- Herschel-Bulkley model, 91025
- power law model, 91025
- program for calculation using Herschel-Bulkley or power law models
- Calculation in Turbulent Flow, 91025, 95012
- comparison of predictions with test results using various methods, 91025
- effect of tube roughness, 91025
- using Bowen model, 91025
- using Dodge-Metzner model, 91025
- Suggested Approach to Calculation in Transitional Flow Regime, 91025
- see also
- Shell-And-Tube Heat Exchangers
- see also
- Anemometric Data Correction
- Calculation of Static Pressure Correction Coefficient from Flight Test Data, 20007
- Magnification of Drag Due to Isolated Excrescence on Aerofoil
-
- see
- Excrescences
- see
- Annular Diffusers
- Boiling Flow in Pipes
- Condensing Flow in Pipes
- Conical Diffusers
- Diffusers
- Ejectors
- Fouling
- Fouling in Combustion Plant
- Fouling in Cooling Water Systems
- Fouling in Crude Oil Distillation Plant
- Heat Transfer
- Plane-Walled Diffusers with Single-Plane Expansion
- Pressure Drop Across Obstructions in Ducts
- Pressure Drop Across Tube Banks
- Pressure Drop in Gas- or Vapour-Liquid Internal Flow
- Pressure Drop in Internal Flow
- Pressure Drop in Non-Newtonian Flow
- Pressure Drop in Shell-And-Tube Heat Exchangers
- Roughness
- Sudden Contractions in Ducts
- Sudden Expansions in Ducts
- Two-Phase (Gas- or Vapour-Liquid) Flow
- In Flight for Altitude and Airspeed Determination
- Use in Gas Thermometry
- Annular Diffusers, 75026
- Axisymmetric Intakes in Subsonic Flow, 80037
- Conical Diffusers in Compressible Flow, 90025
- Conical Diffusers in Incompressible Flow, 73024
- Flush Intakes with NACA Convergent-Divergent Planform, 86002
- Flush Intakes with Rectangular Planform, 03006, 86002
- Plane-Walled Diffusers With Single-Plane Expansion, 74015
- Rectangular External-Compression Double- or Single-Ramp Intakes
- critical operation, 75005
- Scoop Intakes Immersed in Boundary Layer
- with or without boundary layer diverters, 86002
- Sudden Expansions of Ducts
- single-phase flow, 72011
- two-phase gas- or vapour-liquid flow, 89012
- Definition, 22001
- Estimation of Wave Speeds
- circular pipes with various restraints or non-circular pipes, 83046
- fluid and piping material properties for use in, 83046
- Pipe Response to
- Prediction of Maximum After Valve Closure
- graphical method for constant cross section pipe with no friction, 86015
- program including friction effects for any gas, 86015
- wave-steepening effects, 86015
- Estimation of Wave Speed in Single-Phase Flow
- circular pipes with various restraints or non-circular pipes, 83046
- fluid and piping material properties for use in, 83046
- graphs for water in various types and sizes of duct, 83046
- rock tunnels lined and unlined, 83046
- Estimation of Wave Speed in Two-Phase Flow
- bubbly liquid/gas or liquid/solid flows, 83046
- General Introduction to Prediction and Suppression, 84013
- Pipe Response to
- Prediction in Network With or Without Suppression After Pump Trip or Valve Closure
- computer program, 87027
- Prediction of Maximum After Pump Trip for Pump Anywhere in Pipeline
- flow reversal time, 85044
- graphical method for determination of pump inertia, 85044
- graphical method for values at pump inlet and outlet, 85044
- illustration of time dependency in pipeline, 85044
- program for values along pipeline, 85044, 87027
- pump run-down characteristics, 85044
- Prediction of Maximum After Pump Trip for Pump at Upstream End
- flow reversal time, 84013, 84038
- graphical method for determination of pump inertia, 85044
- graphical method for value at pump outlet, 84013, 84038, 85044
- graphical method for values at all points along pipeline, 84038
- illustration of time dependency in pipeline, 84038, 85009
- program for values along pipeline, 84013
- pump run-down characteristics, 84013, 84038, 85044
- Prediction of Maximum After Valve Closure
- graphical method for linear closure rate, 84013
- program for any closure rate, 84013, 87027
- Suppression
- discussion of various methods, 84013
- Suppression by Air Inlet/Outlet Valves
- graphical method for air maximum inflow rate and cavity volume, 85009
- guidance on use, 85009
- illustration of time dependency in pipeline, 85009
- minimum line pressure and air release time, 85009
- program to investigate behaviour after pump trip, 85009, 87027
- Suppression by Air Vessels
- graphical method for estimating air vessel volume, 85009
- program to investigate behaviour after pump trip or valve closure, 84013, 87027
- Suppression by Pump By-Pass
- graphical method for lapsed time between trip and by-pass opening or valve closure, 85044
- graphical method for maximum and minimum pressure, 85044
- graphical method for maximum by-pass flow rate, 85044
- illustration of time dependency in pipeline, 85044
- program to investigate behaviour after pump trip, 85044
- Profile Drag at the Drag-rise Condition of Aerofoils having a Specified Form of Upper-surface Pressure Distribution at this Condition, 67011
- see
- Bolted Joints