ESDU A-Z Index: B-BOIK

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

| B-BOIK | boil-bz |

Backlash

Effect on Locking With Double Lock Nuts, 14002
Representation by Describing Functions: analysis of non-linear systems, 84009

Balance

Effect on Control Hinge Moment Derivatives With Deflection or Incidence: example calculation, 89010; general discussion, AERO C.04.01.00; Irving internal in two-dimensional flow, AERO C.04.01.04; nose in two-dimensional flow, AERO C.04.01.03; shielded horn, 88003; unshielded horn, 88003; use of two-dimensional data for wing with part-span control, 89009; use of two-dimensional data for wing with spanwise section variation, AERO C.04.01.06

Balanced Field Length

see also: Abandoned Take-Off; Brakes; Braking; Friction Coefficient; Ground Effect in Fluid Flow; Ground Performance in Take-Off and Landing; Planing of Aircraft Tyres; Runways; Take-Off

Approximate Estimation for Transport Aircraft: effects of various levels of deceleration, 76011
Approximate Estimation of Decision Speed Ratio, 76011
Definition, 76011
Detailed Example Calculation Procedure and Results for Typical Transport Aircraft: definition of segments and their end points, 87018; influence of airworthiness requirements on, 87018; taking account of all factors affecting applied forces and moments, 87018
Typical Values of Deceleration, 76011

Balancing of Linkages

see also: Force Balancing of Linkages; Linkages; Moment Balancing of Linkages; Reduction of Torque Fluctuation in Linkage Drive Shafts

Effect of Frame and Link Elasticity on, 89043
Effect on Braking Torque, 89043
Effect on Starting Torque, 89043
Hodograph as Aid to Selecting Method, 89043: use as guide to pin forces, 89043
Reasons for Eliminating or Reducing Shaking Forces and Moments, 89043
Selection of Methods or Combination of Methods, 89043
Various Methods to Eliminate or Reduce Shaking Forces or Moments: comparison of advantages and limitations, 89043

Ball Bearings

see also: Contact Phenomena; Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication; Grease in Rolling Bearings; Rolling Bearings; Rolling Bearings for Specialised Applications

Journal Type: guide to applications, 65007
Thrust Type: guide to applications, 67033

Ballutes

see: Parachutes

Ball Valves

see: Plug Valves

Band Sound Pressure Level

Definition, 22001

Bandwidth

Correction to Spectrum Level, 17011
Definition: acoustics, 17002; linear-system analysis, 80002
Need to Limit: in reconstructing continuous response from sampled response, 86037

Banked Flight

see: Asymmetric Flight; Rolling; Turning Manoeuvre

Barbey Fluidity

Measurement of Viscosity, 81002

Barriers

see also: Boundary Walls and Fences

Estimation of Attenuation of Sound Pressure Level, 79011: program in Fortran, 79011
Films to Reduce Adhesive Wear in Contacts: types and applications, 86040

Bars

Heat Transfer Along

see: Heat Transfer

Stress Concentration in

see: Circular Holes in Bars or Strips; Fillets in Bars or Strips; Notches with Flat Bottoms in Bars or Strips; Slots in Bars or Strips; U-Notches in Bars or Strips

Base Drag with Central Propulsive Jet

Estimation for Cylindrical Body at Zero Incidence in Supersonic Flow With Supersonic Jet: discussion of effect of underexpanded jet on upstream separation, 99010; effect of jet and freestream Mach numbers, 99010; effect of jet exit angle, 99010; effect of jet specific heat capacity ratio, 99010; effect of jet to freestream total temperature ratio, 99010; outline of flow model adopted, 99010; practical ranges of variables affecting value, 99010
Estimation for Truncated Conical Boat-Tail at Zero Incidence in Supersonic Flow With Supersonic Jet: derived from base pressure on corresponding cylinder, 00017

Base Drag (without Blowing or Jet Efflux)

see also: Base Pressure

Aerofoils, AERO W.S.00.03.03, AERO W.S.02.03.07
Bodies of Revolution: brief discussion, AERO B.S.02.03.01
Bodies of Revolution With Circular-Arc or Parabolic Boat-Tailing in Subsonic and Transonic Flow: effect of base diameter, boat-tail angle and Mach number, 96012
Bodies of Revolution With Conical Boat-Tailing in Subsonic, Transonic and Supersonic Flow: development of correlation of experimental data using similarity laws, 98026; discussion of quality of correlation of experimental data, 98026; statistical assessment of accuracy of correlation of experimental data, 98026
Bodies of Revolution With or Without Conical Boat-Tailing in Subsonic Flow: effect of base diameter and boat-tail angle, 76033
Bodies of Revolution With or Without Conical Boat-Tailing in Supersonic Flow: effect of base diameter, boat-tail angle and Mach number, 79022
Bodies of Revolution With or Without Conical Boat-Tailing in Transonic Flow: effect of angle of attack, 96033; effect of base diameter, boat-tail angle and Mach number, 78041
Bodies of Revolution Without Boat-Tailing in Supersonic Flow: effect of stabilising fins at or upstream of base, 97022; laminar or turbulent boundary layer, AERO B.S.02.03.12
Circular Cylinder in Subsonic, Transonic and Supersonic Flow: development of correlation of experimental data using beta functions, 98026; statistical assessment of accuracy of correlation of experimental data, 98026; vacuum limit, 98026
Flat Plate With Turbulent Boundary Layer: guide to alleviation, 10017; means of prediction, 10016

Base Pressure

see also: Base Drag (without Blowing or Jet Efflux); Base Drag with Central Propulsive Jet

Circular Plates Normal to Flow, 83020
Finite Length Rectangular- and Square-Section Cylinders Normal to Flow, 71016: surface-mounting effects, 71016
Paraboloidal Antennas Aligned, Inclined or Normal to Flow, 83020
Relationship With Base Drag, 76033
Surface-Mounted Circular-Section Cylinders Normal to Flow, 81017
Two-Dimensional Circular-Section Cylinders Normal to Flow, 80025
Two-Dimensional Rectangular- and Square-Section Cylinders Normal to Flow, 71016

Batch Processes

Process Engineering: application of process integration techniques to, 90033

Bath-Tub Fittings

see: Club-Foot Fittings

Bauschinger Effect

Description, 73004

Beacons and Lights

Guidance on Contribution to Aircraft Drag, 94044

Beam-Columns

see: Struts in General

Beams in General

see also: Beams of Angle Section; Beams of Any Hollow or Solid Polygonal Section; Beams of Box Construction; Beams of Channel Section; Beams of Circular Section; Beams of I-Section; Beams of Rectangular Tubular Section; Beams of Sandwich Construction; Beams of T-Section; Beams of Unlipped Z-Section; Cantilevers of Uniform Section; Curved Beams; Propped Cantilevers of Uniform Section; Welded Cover Plates on Steel I-Beams; Welded Joints in Steels; Welded Longitudinal Joints in Aluminium Alloys; Welded Longitudinal Joints in Steels Under Axial Loading; Welded Stiffening Gussets on Steel I-Beams; Welded Transverse Joints in Steels Under Axial Loading; Welded Transverse Joints in Steels Under Bending

Allowable Stresses, SS3

Constant Section Encastre or Simply Supported

bending moments, deflections and reactions for various loadings, SS3

Constant Section Under Lateral Loading

critical load for lateral instability, 88034

Dynamic Response

see also: Response of Buildings and Structures; Response of Buildings and Structures To Atmospheric Turbulence; Response of Buildings and Structures To Vortex Shedding; Response of Lightweight Structures

equation for modal density in bending, 99009

Effect on Transmission of Vibrational Power When Used to Couple Plates

prediction of efficiency for up to six curved or flat plates, 98020

Factors of Safety, SS3

Introduction to Crossflow Behaviour for Wind Loading Considerations, 71012

Introduction to Inelastic Behaviour, 18001

Program to Predict Bending Moment Giving Maximum Allowable Inelastic Stress/Strain at Extreme Fibre

inelastic form factors, 88035

sections symmetrical about bending axis, 88035

Section Characteristics

area and moment of inertia, 91001

Use of Constrained Single- or Multi-Layer Treatments on One Side

see also: Damping

to increase structural damping, 91012, 91013

Use of Free-Layer Treatments on One or Both Sides

see also: Damping

to increase structural damping, 91012, 91013

With Sectional Discontinuities and Any Support System

deflections and slopes for any loading, 69017

Beams of Angle Section

see also: Beams in General; Beams of Any Hollow or Solid Polygonal Section

Form Factors for Inelastic Behaviour, 18004

Mean Forces Due to Wind or Other Fluid Crossflow

see: Profile Drag; Sideforce

Rate of Change of Force With Wind Incidence, 93013

Beams of Any Hollow or Solid Polygonal Section

Programs to Predict Loads Giving Maximum Allowable Stress/Strain at Extreme Fibre: elastic and inelastic analysis, 90004, 90026; location of neutral axis, 90004, 90026; outputs loads (end load, orthogonal bending moments) in same ratio as input, 90004; outputs one load (out of end load, orthogonal bending moments) given other two, 90026; radius of curvature of beam, 90004, 90026; section area, centroid and second moment, 90004, 90026; stresses and strains at cross-section vertices, 90004, 90026; with beam constrained to deflect in one plane, 90004, 90026

Beams of Box Construction

see also: Beams in General; Beams of Any Hollow or Solid Polygonal Section

Estimation of Stresses Under Acoustic Loading, 74026

Mean Forces and Pressures Due to Wind or Other Fluid Crossflow

see: Base Pressure; Pressure Distribution; Profile Drag; Sideforce

Natural Frequencies, 74025

Rate of Change of Force With Wind Incidence, 93013

Under Bending

flange design for constant edge strain, STRUCT 02.05.00

Beams of Channel Section

see also: Beams in General; Beams of Any Hollow or Solid Polygonal Section

Form Factors for Inelastic Behaviour

bending about neutral axis through flanges, 18004

bending about neutral axis through web, 18003

Mean Forces Due to Wind or Other Fluid Crossflow

see: Profile Drag; Sideforce

Rate of Change of Force With Wind Incidence, 93013

Beams of Circular Section

see also: Beams in General; Beams of Any Hollow or Solid Polygonal Section; Shafts

Form Factors for Inelastic Behaviour, 18002

Mean Forces and Pressures Due to Wind or Other Fluid Crossflow

see: Base Pressure; Normal Force; Pressure Distribution; Profile Drag; Sideforce

Beams of I-Section

see also: Beams in General; Beams of Any Hollow or Solid Polygonal Section

Fatigue Strength of Welded Flange-to-Web Joint

see: Welded Longitudinal Joints in Steels Under Axial Loading

Form Factors for Inelastic Behaviour, 18003

Mean Forces Due to Wind or Other Fluid Crossflow

see: Profile Drag; Sideforce

Rate of Change of Force With Wind Incidence, 93013

With Welded Attachments

see: Welded Cover Plates on Steel I-Beams; Welded Stiffening Gussets on Steel I-Beams

Beams of Rectangular Tubular Section

see also: Beams in General; Beams of Any Hollow or Solid Polygonal Section

Form Factors for Inelastic Behaviour, 18003

Mean Forces and Pressures Due to Wind or Other Fluid Crossflow

see: Base Pressure; Pressure Distribution; Profile Drag; Sideforce

Rate of Change of Force With Wind Incidence, 93013

Beams of Sandwich Construction

Orthotropic (Laminated Composite) Faceplates (Specially-Orthotropic or Unbalanced): program for prediction of faceplate wrinkling, 87013

Beams of T-Section

see also: Beams in General; Beams of Any Hollow or Solid Polygonal Section

Fatigue Strength of Welded Flange-to-Web Joint

see: Welded Longitudinal Joints in Steels Under Axial Loading

Form Factors for Inelastic Behaviour, 18004

Mean Forces Due to Wind or Other Fluid Crossflow

see: Profile Drag; Sideforce

Rate of Change of Force With Wind Incidence, 93013

Beams of Unlipped Z-Section

see also: Beams in General; Beams of Any Hollow or Solid Polygonal Section

Form Factors for Inelastic Behaviour, 18003

Bearing Pressure

Pressure Under Tyre Footprint on Wet Surface, TM 211

Bearings

see: Ceramics; Contact Phenomena; Dry Rubbing Bearings; Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication; Flexure-Pivots; Graphite; Grease in Rolling Bearings; Journal Bearings; Porous Metal Bearings; Rolling Bearings; Rolling Bearings for Specialised Applications; Self-Contained Bearing Assemblies; Thrust Bearings; Tribology Series; Wear Resistant Surface Coatings and Treatments

Bearing Strength

Values for Various Metallic Materials: aluminium, copper and magnesium alloys, and nickel steels and steels 00932 (MMDH)

Belleville Washers

see: Disc Springs

Bending Moment

see also: Beams in General; Beams of Any Hollow or Solid Polygonal Section

Calculation for Aircraft in Steady Level Asymmetric Manoeuvres: on fin, fuselage, tailplane and wing, 01010
Calculation for Aircraft in Steady Symmetric Manoeuvres: fuselage and straight or swept medium to high aspect ratio wing, 94045
Correlation of Wing Root With Wing Structure Weight, 98013
Loading on Buildings and Structures Due to Atmospheric Turbulence: across-wind component of turbulence, 89049, 92036; along-wind component of turbulence, 87035, 88019, 92036

Bends

Stress Analysis

see: Corner Section in Specially-Orthotropic Plates; Pipe Bends (unrestrained); Pipe Bends (with End Flanges); Pipe Bends (with Straight Pipe Attachments)

With Internal Flow

see also: Forced Convection Heat Transfer; Noise in Air-Conditioning Duct Systems; Pipes with Internal Flow; Pressure Drop in Gas- or Vapour-Liquid Internal Flow; Pressure Drop in Internal Flow

design information for guide vanes, 83037

Benzines

Density and Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosity: typical values in liquid state, 71003

Beta Functions

see also: Base Drag (without Blowing or Jet Efflux)

Definition and Discussion of Some Properties, 98026

Biconvex Aerofoils

Aerodynamic Centre and Pitching Moment, AERO W.S.00.03.04
Lift, AERO W.S.00.03.04
Profile Drag, AERO W.S.02.04.13
Wave Drag, AERO W.S.00.03.04

Bimetallic Thermometer

see: Temperature Measurement

Binary Damping Index

Linear Systems: definition, 67038

Binary Logarithmic Decrement

Linear Systems: definition, 67038

Bingham Plastic Behaviour

see: Non-Newtonian Fluids

Biological Contamination of Water

Effect on Water Conservation and Re-Use

see: Water Conservation in Process Plants

Fouling in Cooling Water Systems

biocides for control, 88024

effect on materials, 88024

methods of control, 88024

types of micro-organisms involved, 88024

visible evidence of, 88024

Biot Number

Definition, 89022

Bismuth/lead Eutectic Solution

see: Lead/bismuth Eutectic Solution

Bitumens

Accumulation of rainfall on runway surfaces, 19005
Calculation of Runway Temperature from Ambient Pressure and Ambient Temperature, TM 188
Density and Dynamic Viscosity: typical values in liquid state, 71003
Kinematic Viscosity: typical values in liquid state, 66024, 71003

Bivariate Distribution

see: Statistics

Blending

see also: Cams; Cams with Translating Roller Followers

Petroleum Products

see also: Fouling in Crude Oil Distillation Plant

calculation of kinematic viscosity, 71003

Blockage

see also: Aerofoils; Wind-Tunnel Corrections for Aerofoils; Wind-Tunnel Corrections for Bluff or Quasi-Streamlined Bodies; Wind-Tunnel Corrections for Wings

Due to Non-Uniform Velocity Profile in Internal Flow

definition, 74015, 76027

effect on performance of downstream plane-walled diffuser, 74015

variation with section aspect ratio and length of rectangular-section duct, 74015

Effect of Airframe on Propeller Thrust

see: Thrust of Propellers

Blowing

see: Boundary Layer

Bluff Bodies

Description of Flow Around, 71012

surface-mounted circular-section cylinders, 81017

Dynamic Response to Turbulence and Wind

see: Response of Buildings and Structures; Response of Buildings and Structures To Atmospheric Turbulence; Response of Buildings and Structures To Vortex Shedding

Mean and Peak Forces, Moments and Pressures Due to Wind or Other Fluid Flows

see: Axial Force; Base Pressure; Boundary Walls and Fences; Centre of Pressure; Critical Conditions in Fluid Flow; Derivatives; Hoardings (Elevated Above Ground Level); Internal Pressure; Normal Force; Overturning Moment on Surface-Mounted Structures; Pressure Distribution; Profile Drag; Rotational Moment; Sideforce; Torsional Moment on Structures

Wind-Tunnel Testing

see: Wind-Tunnel Corrections for Bluff or Quasi-Streamlined Bodies; Wind-Tunnel Testing

Blunted Noses

see also: Cone Cylinders; Ellipsoidal-Nosed Cylinders; Forebody; Ogive Cylinders

Effect on Wave Drag of Flat Plates, AERO W.S.02.03.10

Boat-Tail

see: Afterbody; Base Drag (without Blowing or Jet Efflux); Boat-Tailing; Pressure Drag

Boat-Tailing

see also: Afterbody

Aerodynamic Effects on Forebody-Cylinders at Subsonic, Transonic or Supersonic Speeds: centre of pressure position at angles of attack to 90?, 87033, 90034; normal force at angles of attack to 90?, 87033, 90034; normal-force-curve slope at zero angle of attack, 87033; pitching moment at angles of attack to 90?, 87033, 90034

Bode Diagram

Explanation With Worked Example, 74021
Use in Control System Assessment and Design, 80018, 81008, 81040: advantages and disadvantages, 81008; examples in practical situations, 81040; flowchart, 81008
Use to Show Characteristics of Digital Equivalents of Analogue Filters, 92044