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Reverberation Absorption Coefficient
Definition, 82001
Values for Typical Room Surfaces, 82001
Reverberation Time
Definition, 82001
Estimation, 82001
Reverse Thrust
Propellers, PERF ED1/2
discussion of use to decelerate aircraft, 85029
typical time delay for response, 85029
Turbo-Fan and Turbo-Jet Engines
discussion of use to decelerate aircraft, 85029
typical efficiency values and factors affecting effectiveness, 85029
Reynolds Analogy Factor
Definition, 69009
Formulae
laminar and turbulent boundary layer, 69009
Reynolds Number
see also
Transition
Effect on Aerodynamic and Flow Characteristics
Variation With Altitude and Mach Number
International Standard Atmosphere from - 0.5 km to 32 km, 73017
Variation With Altitude at Sonic Speed
International Interim Standard Atmosphere from 50 km to 80 km, 77021
International Standard Atmosphere from - 0.5 km to 32 km, 72018
International Standard Atmosphere from - 0.5 km to 50 km, 68046, 77021
off-standard atmospheres, 68046
Variation With Stagnation Conditions
for real air, 73017
Rheology
see
Non-Newtonian Fluids
Rib-Flange Joints
see
Skin-Rib Joints in Aluminium Alloys
Skin-Rib Joints in Composite Structures
Skin-Rib Joints in General
Skin-Rib Joints in Titanium Alloys
Ribs
see also
Flat Panels with Unflanged Integral Stiffeners
Rectangular- or Rounded-Section in Straight Pipes
see
Pressure Drop in Internal Flow
Rectangular- or Square-Section in External Flow
see
Excrescences
Use to Improve Static Pressure Recovery of Diffusers
suitable dimensions, 87015
typical improvement in annular and conical, 87015
Ridges
Rectangular- or Rounded-Section in Straight Pipes
see
Pressure Drop in Internal Flow
Rectangular- or Square-Section in External Flow
see
Excrescences
Ring-Oiled Bearings
Approximate Estimation of Equilibrium Temperature Rise
see
Self-Contained Bearing Assemblies
Ring Stiffeners
see
Circular Frames
Circular Frames Supported By A Shell
Elliptical Frames
Riveted Joints
see
Joints
Riveted Lap Joints in Aluminium Alloy Sheets
Skin-Rib Joints in Aluminium Alloys
Skin-Rib Joints in Composite Structures
Skin-Rib Joints in General
Skin-Rib Joints in Titanium Alloys
Riveted Lap Joints in Aluminium Alloy Sheets
Fatigue Strength Under Tension
effect of alloy composition, 79031
effect of dimpling, 79031
effect of geometry, 79031
effect of heat treatment, 79031
effect of mean stress, 79031
effect of rivet type, 79031
Rivets
Round-Headed in Straight Pipes
see
Pressure Drop in Internal Flow
Spherically-Headed in External Flow
see
Excrescences
R-M Diagram
see
Semi-Range/mean Stress Diagram
Road Tar
see
Asphalt
Bitumens
Rod-End Bearings
see
Dry Rubbing Bearings
Rolling Bearings for Specialised Applications
Self-Contained Bearing Assemblies
Rod-In-Crossflow
see
Cavities
Rods
Stress Concentration Data
see
Circular Holes in Round Rods and Tubes
Fillets in Round Rods and Tubes
Fillets of Double Radius in Round Rods and Tubes
Grooves of Flat-Bottomed Section in Rods
Grooves of U-Section in Rods
Shafts with Keyways
Rolling
Aircraft Stability and Response
see also
Derivatives
conditions for stability for inertia-coupled, 67006
critical roll rate for inertia-coupled, 67006, 67007
desirable characteristics for good aircraft handling qualities, 92006
discussion of origin and characteristics of roll subsidence mode, 86021
estimation of performance, PERF EG8/2
introduction to inertia-coupling in rapid, 67005
requirements for performance and time constant for military aircraft, 92006
stability boundaries for inertia-coupled, 67006, 67007
Material Treatment
see
Cold Rolling
Rolling Bearings
see also
Contact Phenomena
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication
Grease in Rolling Bearings
Rolling Bearings for Specialised Applications
Self-Contained Bearing Assemblies
Approximate Frictional Resistance of Various Types, 81005
Calculation of Equivalent Dynamic and Static Load, 81005, 81037, 82014
Determination of Required Dynamic Load Rating, 81005, 81037
opposed pair arrangements, 81037
treatment of fluctuating and shock loads, 81005
Determination of Required Static Load Rating, 81005
Effects of Bearing Stiffness, 81005
Effects of Clearance and Pre-Load, 81005
in adjacent or opposed pairs, 81037
Guide to Applications Suitable (Journal Type), 65007
Guide to Applications Suitable (Thrust Type), 67033
Guide to Selection of Type and Arrangement
adjacent or opposed pairs, 81037
single row ball or cylindrical roller, 81005
types other than single row ball or cylindrical roller, 81037, 82014
Life Adjustment Factors
material/lubricant, 81005
operating conditions, 81005
required reliability, 81005
Limiting Speed for Various Types, 81005
adjacent or opposed pairs, 81037
effect of operating factors, 81005
Load Carrying Ability of Various Types
comparison for axial or radial load, 81037
comparison for various ratios of axial to radial load, 81037
Optimum Choice of Contact Angle for Single Pair Angular Contact Ball, 81037
Performance Characteristics of Various Types
adjacent or opposed pairs, 81037
limiting speed and load capacity, 81005
maximum misalignment, 81005
Prediction of Failure in Cam Follower Applications, 91026
Preferred Arrangements of Two Supporting Shaft, 81005
Recommended Lubricant Viscosity for Application, 81005
Selection of Design Life, 81005
assembly of four point contact ball and roller, 81037
effects of lubrication, required reliability and temperature, 81005
Selection of Dimensions
double row angular contact ball, 82014
double row cylindrical roller, 82014
double row spherical or tapered roller, 81037
single row angular contact ball or tapered roller, 81037
single row caged needle, 82014
single row cylindrical roller and single row radial ball, 81005
Rolling Bearings for Specialised Applications
see also
Contact Phenomena
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication
Rolling Bearings
Advantages and Limitations of Various Types, 82014
Bearings With Housings and Plummer Blocks, 82014
Calculation of Equivalent Dynamic and Static Load, 82014
Dynamic Load Rating of Various Types, 82014
Typical Applications of Various Types, 82014
Rolling Friction Coefficient
see also
Aircraft Tyres
Tyre/Grass
typical values, 85029
Tyre/Runway
definition, 16008
derivation, 10002, 10003, 10004, 13002, 15007, 15008
typical values and discussion of factors influencing, 85029
Wheels and Tyres
sketch of typical behaviour with load and speed, 89044
Rolling Moment
see also
Rolling Moment Due To Rolling (Lp or Clp)
Rolling Moment Due To Rudder Deflection (Lζ or Cl Δ r)
Rolling Moment Due To Sideslip (Lv or Cl β)
Rolling Moment Due To Yawing (Lr or Clr)
Due to Ailerons
estimation at low speeds, 88013, 88040
Due to Spoilers (Perforated or Solid)
estimation at low speeds with trailing-edge flaps deployed, 14005
estimation at low speeds with trailing-edge flaps undeployed, 14004
Information on the Use of Data Items on Rolling Moment Derivatives of an Aircraft, AERO A.06.01.00
Rolling Moment Due To Rolling (Lp or Clp)
Effect of Interference on Wing From Cylindrical Body at Supersonic Speeds, AERO A.S.06.03.02
Fin and Tailplane Combined Contribution, 83006
Four- or Three-Wing Arrangements on Cylindrical Body
supersonic speeds, AERO A.S.06.03.01, AERO A.S.06.03.03
Rolling Moment Due to Rolling, AERO A.06.01.00
Use for Complete Aircraft of Data Items on Component Contributions
accuracy, 85010
comparison of experimental and predicted variation with incidence, 85010
examples, 85010
Wing Contribution
effect of dihedral at subsonic speeds, 85006
subsonic speeds, AERO A.06.01.01
supersonic speeds, AERO A.S.06.03.01
Rolling Moment Due To Rudder Deflection (Lζ or Cl Δ r)
Estimation at Low Speeds
from geometry of rear fuselage and empennage, 87008
Rolling Moment Due To Sideslip (Lv or Cl β)
Body Contribution, 00025, 79006
Effect of Propellers, 06012
Effect of Wing-Body Geometry, 00025, 73006
Effect of Wing Position, 00025, 73006
Fin Contribution
single fin (fuselage height/width near unity, 00025, 82010
single fin merging into fuselage, AERO C.01.01.01
single or twin fins (range of fuselage height/width), 93007
tailplane-mounted twin fins, 92007
Flap Contribution, 00025, 80034
Nacelle Contribution (Propeller Type) on Wing, 00025, TM 178
Nacelle Contribution (Turbine Engine Type)
rear fuselage mounted, 73006
underwing mounted, 00025, 73006
Program to Calculate for Complete Aircraft, 00025
Rolling Moment Due to Sideslip, AERO A.06.01.00
Tailplane Effects, 00025, 81032, 82010, 93007, TM 49
Use for Complete Aircraft of Data Items on Component Contributions
accuracy, 81032
comparison of experimental and predicted variation with incidence, 81032
examples, 00025, 81032
Wing Contribution in Attached Flow, 80033
dihedral effect, 00025, AERO A.06.01.03, AERO A.06.01.09
Rolling Moment Due To Yawing (Lr or Clr)
Fin Contribution, 82017
Flap Contribution, 72021
Rolling Moment Due to Yawing, AERO A.06.01.00
Simplified Method of Estimation, 84002
Use for Complete Aircraft of Data Items on Component Contributions
accuracy, 84002
comparison of experimental and predicted variation with incidence, 84002
example, 84002
Wing Contribution, 72021
dihedral and twist effects, 72021
Root Diagram
see also
Root-Locus Diagram
Use in Control System Assessment and Design, 80018, 81008
Root-Locus Diagram
Explanation With Worked Example, 74020
Rules for Sketching, 74020
Use in Control System Assessment and Design
advantages and limitations, 81008
flowchart, 81008
Root Mean Square
Definition, 22001
Stress Response Due to Acoustic Loading
Rotary Seals
see also
Labyrinth Seals
Design of, 09004
Guidance Flowchart and Procedure for Selection of Type, 09004, 80012
Influence of Fluid Properties on Choice and Use
effect of abrasives content, 09004, 80012
effect of chemical/lubricating properties, 80012
Performance assessment, 09004
Special Arrangements Possible, 80012
use of buffer fluids, cooling, flush or quench, 80012
Types Available (Clearance, Face, Lip and Packed Gland)
advantages and limitations, 09004, 80012
commercial availability and maximum size, 09004, 80012
life, 09004, 80012
maximum fluid pressure and shaft speed, 09004, 80012
radial, 09004
relative cost, leakage rate and power loss, 80012
shaft and housing finishes required, 09004, 80012
special design features that can be used, 09004, 80012
staggered, 09004
stepped, 09004
straight-through, 09004
typical applications, 09004, 80012
Rotating Disc Viscometer
see
Viscometers
Rotating Machinery
CFD Assessment, 15012
Flow Characteristics, 07004, 15012
Geometries Available
cavities, 07004, 15012
cylinder, 07004
disc, 07004
Labyrinth Seals, 09004
Rotor-stator, 07004, 09004, 15012
design of, 07004
performance assessment of, 07004
Rotation
Take-Off
example of manoeuvre for transport aircraft, 87018
Rotational Moment
Paraboloidal Antennas
effect of focal length and incidence, 82031
effect of perforated or slatted surface, 82031
effect of shear flow, 82031
Rotational Noise
see
Helicopter Noise
Propeller Noise
Turbomachinery Noise
Rotors
see also
Helicopter Noise
Single Central Mass Centrally Mounted on Flexible Shaft Running in Axial Groove Journal Bearings
database of linearised bearing damping and stiffness coefficients, 95023
out-of-balance response with speed dependent external load, 95023
prediction of oil-whip frequency, 95023
program to simulate dynamic behaviour at constant acceleration or speed, 95023
response to rotor imbalance, 95023
synchronous harmonic orbits for unbalanced response, 95023
Roughness
see also
Excrescences
Fouling
Fouling in Combustion Plant
Fouling in Cooling Water Systems
Magnification of Excrescence Drag By Pressure Gradient
Pressure Drop in Gas- or Vapour-Liquid Internal Flow
Bends (Circular-Arc, or Composite- or Single-Mitre)
effect of randomly distributed on pressure drop, 83037
Circular-Section Cylinders at Zero Incidence
effect of randomly distributed on mean skin friction, 73016
Circular-Section Cylinders Inclined or Normal to Flow
effect of randomly distributed on forces, 80025, 81017
Coils of Various Geometries
effect of randomly distributed on pressure drop, 77029
Cones at Zero Incidence in Supersonic Flow
effect of randomly distributed on mean skin friction, 73016
Definition of Aerodynamically Smooth Surface, 73016
Effective Height
asbestos cement, 66027, 83037
bituminous lining, 66027, 83037
brickwork, 66027, 80025, 81027, 81028, 83037, 84015
cast metals, 66027, 73016, 74040, 80025, 81027, 81028, 84015, 88014
concrete, 66027, 80025, 81027, 81028, 83037, 84015
drawn metals, 66027, 73016, 74040, 80025, 81027, 81028, 83037, 84015, 88014
galvanised metals, 66027, 73016, 74040, 80025, 81027, 81028, 83037, 84015
glass, 66027, 74040, 80025, 81027, 81028, 83037, 84015, 88014
hand- or machine-ground finish, 74040
marine roughened surfaces, 80025, 81027, 81028, 83037, 84015
maximum values consistent with no increase in mean skin friction, 73016
painted surfaces, 73016, 74040, 80025, 81027, 81028, 84015
plastics, 66027, 74040, 80025, 81027, 81028, 83037, 84015, 88014
polished metal and wood, 73016
sheet metals, 66027, 73016, 74040, 80025, 81027, 81028, 83037, 84015, 88014
steel, 66027, 74040, 80025, 81027, 81028, 83037, 84015
wood, 66027, 80025, 81027, 81028, 83037, 84015
Effect of Randomly Distributed on Aerofoil Maximum Lift, 84026
Effect of Randomly Distributed on Mean Skin Friction, 73016, AERO W.02.04.00
Effect of Randomly Distributed or Isolated on Transition, AERO W.02.04.09
Effect of Waviness on Transition, AERO W.02.04.11
Effect on Choice of Filter Rating for Lubrication Systems, 83030
Effect on Choice of Material for Dry Rubbing Bearings, 87007
Effect on Fatigue
general comments, 70018, 71009
when component is subject to fretting, 90031
Effect on Fatigue Life in Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication, 85027
Effect on Fatigue Limit
steels, 74027
Ejectors
effect of randomly distributed on component losses, 85032
Flat Plates at Zero Incidence
effect of randomly distributed on mean skin friction, 73016, AERO W.02.04.00
Frameworks of Tubular Members
effect of randomly distributed on forces and moments, 81027
Height of Randomly-Distributed Consistent With Laminar Flow, AERO W.02.04.09
In Relation to Lubricant Film Thickness
use in defining lubrication regimes, 85027, 94008, 94017
In Straight Ducts
effect of randomly distributed on heat transfer, 82021
effect of randomly distributed on pressure drop, 66027, 82021
effect of randomly distributed on pressure drop, boiling flow, 89039
effect of randomly distributed on pressure drop, condensing flow, 90024, 91023
effect of randomly distributed on pressure drop, non-Newtonian flow, 91025, 95012
effect of systematically distributed on heat transfer, 82021
effect of systematically distributed on pressure drop, 79014, 82021
Lattice Towers of Tubular Members
effect of randomly distributed on forces and moments, 81028
Multiple Parallel Frameworks of Tubular Members
effect of randomly distributed on forces and moments, 81027
Pairs of Circular-Section Cylinders Normal to Flow
effect on profile drag and sideforce, 84015
Peak-to-Valley Height Range for Steels
resulting from coarse to fine production techniques, 74027
Pipe Junctions
effect of randomly distributed on pressure drop, 73022, 73023
Rectangular-Section Cylinders With Rounded Edges Normal to Flow
effect of randomly distributed on forces, 71016
Runway
see
Fatigue Loading
Friction Coefficient
Planing of Aircraft Tyres
Runways
Square-Section Cylinders With Rounded Edges Normal to Flow
effect of randomly distributed on forces, 71016
Terrain
effective values, 82026, 84011, 84030, 85020, 86035, 88019
Tube Banks
effect of randomly distributed on pressure drop across, 74040, 79034
Typical Values
gears and rolling bearings, 85027, 89045
machined finish, 94017, 96002
Use to Improve Diffuser Performance
effect of distributed roughness or transverse ribs on pressure recovery, 87015
optimum position for roughness bands, 87015
Use to Improve Heat Exchanger Performance
see also
Shell-And-Tube Heat Exchangers
calculation of heat transfer for random or various systematic, 82021
calculation of heat transfer for twisted tape inserts, 95027, 97007
calculation of heat transfer from known friction factor, 82021
calculation of pressure drop for random or various systematic, 82021
calculation of pressure drop for twisted tape inserts, 95027, 97007
effect of various tube inserts including twisted tapes, 00041
Wedges in Supersonic Flow
effect of randomly distributed on mean skin friction, 73016
Wings
effect of isolated on transition position, AERO W.02.04.09
effect of randomly distributed on transition position, AERO W.02.04.09
Routh-Hurwitz Criteria
Stability of Linear Systems, 74019, 86021
Rubber
see also
Friction Coefficient
Rubbing Bearings
see
Dry Rubbing Bearings
Self-Contained Bearing Assemblies
Rudder
see also
Controls (Aerodynamic)
Controls (Gap Sealed)
Controls (with Gap)
Hinge Moment
Calculation of Deflection Required in Steady Asymmetric Level Flight
estimation of order of magnitude, 01010
sideslipping, turning or with failed engine, 01010
Rolling and Yawing Moment, and Sideforce, Derivatives Due to Deflection
estimation at low speeds, 87008
Runge-Kutta Methods
Solution of First-Order Differential Equations With Initial Conditions
formulae of various orders, 86011
Runways
Accumulation of rainfall on runway surfaces, 19005
Aircraft Tyre Friction and Forces
see
Aircraft Tyres
Airworthiness Requirements
Friction Coefficient
Planing of Aircraft Tyres
Calculation of Runway Temperature from Ambient Pressure and Ambient Temperature, TM 188
Drag When Running Through Water, Slush or Snow, 10002, 10003, 10004, 15007, 15008, TM 165, TM 192
multi-wheel undercarriages rolling or braking, 13002, TM 165, TM 192
Flooded Runways
analysis of displacement and impingement drag, TM 192
Gradient
effect on airborne distance in landing from fixed screen height, 91032
Mumeter Mk 6: a continuous friction measuring device, TM 167
Pressure Under Tyre Footprint on Wet Surface, TM 211
Roughness Effect on Fatigue Loading
see
Fatigue Loading
Runway Contaminants and the Classification and Distribution of Hard Runway Surfaces, 15002
Side-force Coefficients on Aircraft Tyres in Yawed and Unbraked Motion on Dry and Wet Pavements, 10002, 13007, 15007
Statistical Techniques Applied to Data on Length and Width of Paved US
bivariate normal distribution, 96024
conditional, joint and marginal probability distributions, 96024
Runway Temperature
Calculation of Runway Temperature from Ambient Pressure and Ambient Temperature, TM 188

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